2024屆高考英語1輪復(fù)習(xí)牛津譯林江蘇專版課件：M4 Unit 1《Advertising》
(2)系表結(jié)構(gòu)一般只用于一般現(xiàn)在時、一般過去時等少數(shù)幾種時態(tài)；而被動語態(tài)可用多種時態(tài)。 The composition is well written. 這篇作文寫得很好。(系表結(jié)構(gòu)) The composition is being written. 這篇作文正在寫。(被動語態(tài)) (3)系表結(jié)構(gòu)中的過去分詞可被very, too, so修飾，被動語態(tài)中的過去分詞須用much修飾。 The boy was too frightened to move. 這孩子嚇得動也不敢動。(系表結(jié)構(gòu)) He was very excited.他很激動。(系表結(jié)構(gòu)) He was much excited by the news. 他聽到消息后很激動。(被動結(jié)構(gòu)) (4)be ＋ 不及物動詞的過去分詞通常是系表結(jié)構(gòu)。 Her money is all gone. 她的錢都花光了。 The moon is risen. 月亮升起來了。 (5)表示“充滿”意思的“be ＋ 過去分詞 ＋ with”結(jié)構(gòu)多為系表結(jié)構(gòu)。 The mountain is covered with snow all the year round.這座山終年被積雪覆蓋。 The classroom was crowded with pupils. 教室里擠滿了學(xué)生。 The lake is dotted with fishing boats. 湖里漁帆點點。 The floor was piled with old books. 地板上堆滿了舊書。 (6)remain, feel, lie, stand 以及 become, grow 等詞 ＋ 過去分詞結(jié)構(gòu)多為系表結(jié)構(gòu)。 The matter remained unsettled. 這件事懸而未決。 She felt disappointed. 她感到失望。 The road became crowded. 道路擁擠了。 (7)句中有時間狀語和地點狀語時，一般為被動語態(tài)，反之為系表結(jié)構(gòu)。 The bank is closed. 銀行現(xiàn)在關(guān)門了。(系表結(jié)構(gòu)) The bank is usually closed at six. 銀行通常6點關(guān)門。(被動語態(tài)) 1. The World Health Organization warned that Asian countries ________ attentive to bird flu since Asia ________ got rid of the disease completely. A. should keep; has
B. must remain; has not C. ought to stay; has been
D. shall be; has not been B 該題考查情態(tài)動詞的用法和語態(tài)。第一空使用should keep 或 must remain 都能講得通；但第二空必須使用現(xiàn)在完成時的否定式，且為主動語態(tài)。 2. We can't go on with the experiment because the computer________. A. hasn't been repaired B. hasn't repaired C. is not repaired D. hadn't been repaired A A項用了現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)，意思是計算機“還未被修好”。B選項中repair為及物動詞，缺賓語，填上后句子不通；C選項為一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)，它只表示并不是“修過的”；D選項時態(tài)不對。 3. Mrs. Green wants to buy that kind of cloth because she ________ that the cloth________ very well. A. has been told; washes B. is told; is washed C. has been told; is washed D. is told ；is washed
A 根據(jù)語境，第一個空白處應(yīng)該使用現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)，第二個空白處應(yīng)該選用washes，因為wash這個動詞也可作不及物動詞使用，它的詞意是“耐洗”。英語中This cloth washes well.表達的是：這布很耐洗。 * 2. A 本題考查動詞辨析。appeal to 吸引； belong to 屬于； refer to 提到；涉及； occur to 突然想到。 句意為“他的演唱并不怎么吸引我?！?故最佳答案為A。 2. — How did you like Nick's performance last night?
— To be honest, his singing didn't ________ to me
much.(2010·安徽)
A. appeal
B. belong
C. refer
D. occur 3. C 本題考查與get相關(guān)的短語辨析。分析四個選項的意思：get away with 僥幸逃脫； get on with 與……友好相處； get through 接通，順利通過，完成； get across 被理解，越過。根據(jù)語境：經(jīng)過那件事之后，他明白了他能盡一切可能去順利解決任何突發(fā)情況。 3. After that, he knew he could ________ any emergency by doing what be could to the best of his ability.(2010·浙江)
A. get away with
B. get on with
C. get through
D. get across 4. B 考查狀語從句。句意為：盡管Tim不經(jīng)常鍛煉，但他身材很好。前后是讓步轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故選B項。 4. Tim is in good shape physically ________ he doesn't get much exercise.(2010·湖南)
A. if
B. even though
C. unless
D. as long as 5. C 考查從屬連詞。wherever 無論哪里； whenever 無論何時； as if 似乎； even if 意為“即使”，符合句意?！肮こ處焸兌己苊?，他們沒有時間進行戶外運動，即使他們有這樣的興趣”。 5. The engineers are so busy that they have zero time for outdoor sports actives, ________ they have the interest.(2010·安徽)
A. wherever
B. whenever
C. even if
D. as if 如何寫好狀語從句
復(fù)合句是更高層次的句子。在寫好簡單句的基礎(chǔ)上，根據(jù)兩個或多個句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系，依據(jù)語法結(jié)構(gòu)用一定的關(guān)系詞連接起來構(gòu)成復(fù)合句，將會凸顯文章的亮點，使文章增添文采，自然也就使一篇習(xí)作明顯地上了一個檔次。這里主要講解一下狀語從句的寫作：
狀語從句的寫作最主要的是選準(zhǔn)關(guān)聯(lián)詞。 要了解上下句子之間的是邏輯關(guān)系來確定關(guān)聯(lián)詞的意義；其次要確定哪句是主句，哪句為從句，如： 【句型1】主句 ＋ when (while, as, before, after) ＋ 從句 【典型例句】
I took care of my little brother while Mother was away. 媽媽不在家，我照顧小弟弟。
He had finished his homework before I got home.
我回到家之前，他已經(jīng)做完了家庭作業(yè)。
My brother learned English after he had entered the college. 我弟弟在考入大學(xué)后學(xué)的英語。 【句型2】主句 ＋ until / till＋從句 【典型例句】 He stayed up until / till it was four next morning.
他熬夜一直熬到第二天凌晨4點。 He did not go home until / till he finished his work.
他一直把工作做完之后才回家。 He read and read until / till it was dark.
他讀著讀著，一直讀到天黑。 把下面兩個簡單句合成一個復(fù)合句 1. He took notes. He was listening to the teacher. ________________________________________________________________________ 1. He took notes as / while / when he was listening to the teacher.
2. I started home. I received the letter. ________________________________________________________________________ 2. I started home the moment I received the letter. 3. Everything is ready. We can begin our experiment. ________________________________________________________________________ 3. Since everything is ready, we can begin our experiment. 4. She wore a diamond necklace. People looked at her with admiration. _______________________________________________________________________ 4. She wore such a diamond necklace that people looked at her with admiration. 5. We can't hope to succeed. We have their support. ________________________________________________________________________ 5. We can't hope to succeed unless we have their support. (We can't hope to succeed if we don't have their support.) 動詞的語態(tài)(Ⅱ)
主動形式的簡單句中，主謂賓，主謂雙賓，主謂賓補3類句子可以改為被動句。改為被動句的關(guān)鍵是句子中有“及物動詞＋賓語”結(jié)構(gòu)。連系動詞be(am/is/are)，使役動詞have (has/had)，半系動詞及所有不及物動詞均無被動語態(tài)。 主動表被動的句型 1．半連系動詞主動表被動：look, sound, smell, taste, prove, feel等； 2．當(dāng)open, close, shut, lock, move等用作不及物動詞且表示主語的某種屬性時，通常用主動形式表示被動意義。它們常與can't, won't等連用； 3．在一般現(xiàn)在時的句子中，為表達生動、簡潔，read, write, wash, sell, clean, cook, burn, draw, cut, wear等詞常與well, easily, quickly 等副詞連用，常用主動表被動，表示事物的屬性特征； 4．表示開始和結(jié)束的動詞begin, start, finish, end可用主動表被動，不強調(diào)動作的執(zhí)行者。
1．在使用被動語態(tài)時，千萬不要遺漏句末的介詞或副詞。 Such a bad habit should be got rid of. 這樣的壞習(xí)慣應(yīng)該改掉。 All the important matters have now been attended to. 現(xiàn)在，所有重要的事情都得到了處理。 2．雙重被動結(jié)構(gòu) 雙重被動結(jié)構(gòu)指的是句中謂語動詞和其后的不定式均為被動結(jié)構(gòu)，句子的主語既是謂語動詞的承受者，同時又是不定式動作的承受者。 They asked us to discuss the problem at once.
We were asked to discuss the problem at once. The problem was asked to be discussed at once. 這個問題被要求立刻討論。(雙重被動) 3．下列句子變成被動語態(tài)時，要用with，不用by Smoke filled the meeting room. ?The meeting room was filled with smoke. A cloth covered the table. ?The table was covered with a cloth. 4．不能變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu) (1)受動詞的限制 ①表示狀態(tài)的及物動詞，只能用于主動語態(tài)。 某些表示狀態(tài)的及物動詞，如have, own, cost, lack, want (缺乏), become (適合), fit, resemble, fail, last, flee, benefit, hold等作謂語時，不能變?yōu)楸粍泳洹?She resembles her mother. 她像她媽媽。 He lacks self-confidence. 他缺乏自信。 This hall can hold 2,000 people. 這個大廳能容納兩千人。 ②當(dāng)及物動詞have表示“吃飯”、“患病”、“明白”、“知道”等意思時，沒有被動語態(tài)形式。 Would you have a cup of tea?
你要喝杯茶嗎？ ③當(dāng)動詞get，take表示“懂得”、“知道”，owe表示“欠”，cost表示“使失去(生命、健康等)”的意思時，動詞沒有相應(yīng)的被動語態(tài)。 Do you get me? 你明白我的意思嗎？ How do you take this passage? 這段話你怎么理解？ I owe 50 pounds to you.
我欠你50英鎊。 (2)受賓語的限制 ①當(dāng)賓語是相互代詞、反身代詞或具有類似相互代詞的關(guān)系時，動詞不能用于被動語態(tài)。 They simply cannot contain themselves for joy. 他們簡直無法抑制內(nèi)心的喜悅。 For years the two sisters looked after one another. 多年來兩姐妹互相照顧。 ②當(dāng)賓語前帶有主語的形容詞性物主代詞時，謂語動詞通常不能轉(zhuǎn)換為被動語態(tài)。 I could not believe my eyes when I saw him still alive.
看到他還活著，我簡直不相信自己的眼睛。 The doctor shook his head and then went out without any words.
醫(yī)生搖了搖頭，一句話也沒說就出去了。 注意：動詞的賓語是身體的一部分，一般不可變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)，但也有例外。 He fixed his eyes on the oil painting. ?His eyes were fixed on the oil painting. ③當(dāng)賓語起狀語作用，表示數(shù)量、重量、大小或程度時，不能用被動語態(tài)。 This kind of dictionary costs ten dollars. 這種字典價值10美元。 The case weighs twenty kilos. 這箱子重20公斤。 ④當(dāng)賓語是同源賓語時，通常不能轉(zhuǎn)換成被動語態(tài)。 She dreamt a sweet dream. 她做了一個美夢。 ⑤如果賓語是動詞不定式或動詞的-ing形式時，謂語動詞一般不能轉(zhuǎn)換成被動語態(tài)。 He admitted having done wrong. 他承認(rèn)做錯了。 He has decided to go and study abroad. 他已決定出國留學(xué)。 ⑥如果enter, leave, reach的賓語是地點、國家機關(guān)等，不能改為被動語態(tài)。 He left the army in 1998. 他1998年退伍。 She entered the hall at once. 她立刻就進入了大廳。 ⑦另外，不可拆開的短語動詞，如take place, lose heart, belong to, consist of, change colour等，也不能改為被動語態(tài)。 The book belongs to me. 這本書是我的。 She caught a very bad cold. 她患了重感冒。
5．不能變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的動賓詞組 catch a cold 感冒 eat one's words 食言 lose heart 喪失信心 lose patience 失去耐心 make a face 做鬼臉 make up one's mind 決心 make bed 鋪床 make room for 為……騰出地方 keep watch 守望 keep silence 保持安靜 speak one's mind 表明見解 take place 發(fā)生 take one's time 從容不迫 take office 就職 take one's leave 請假 take notes 做筆記 take up arms 拿起武器 take one's place 就位 6．含有would rather或情態(tài)動詞dare的句子，不能改為被動語態(tài)。 I would rather do it now. 我寧可現(xiàn)在就干這件事。 He dare not do it. 他不敢干那件事。 7．被動語態(tài)與系表結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別 所謂系表結(jié)構(gòu)，在此指“連系動詞＋用作表語的動詞-ed形式”結(jié)構(gòu)。它與被動語態(tài)的形式完全一樣，所以在應(yīng)用時應(yīng)注意它們的區(qū)別。 (1)被動語態(tài)中的過去分詞是動詞，多強調(diào)動作；系表結(jié)構(gòu)中的過去分詞相當(dāng)于形容詞，多強調(diào)狀態(tài)。前者通常可用by＋人或by＋抽象名詞表動作的執(zhí)行者，而后者則一般不用。 The gate to the garden was locked by the girl. 花園的門被那個女孩鎖上了。(被動結(jié)構(gòu)) The gate to the garden was locked. 花園的門鎖了。(系表結(jié)構(gòu)) The tree was blown down by the high winds. 那棵樹被大風(fēng)吹倒了。(被動結(jié)構(gòu))
The tree was blown down when we saw it. 我們看到那棵樹時，它已經(jīng)被吹倒了。(系表結(jié)構(gòu)) 注意：少數(shù)“連系動詞be ＋ 用作表語的動詞-ed形式”也帶by短語。 The old man was surrounded by small children. 老人被孩子們團團圍住。(被動語態(tài)) Guilin is surrounded by hills and mountains. 桂林周圍都是山。(系表結(jié)構(gòu)) We were held up by fog. 我們因霧受阻。(被動語態(tài)) The tree is known by its fruit. 看到果子就知道是什么樹。(系表結(jié)構(gòu)) Unit 1
Advertising 1、promote vt. 增進，促進；提升，使晉級；宣傳，推廣，推銷(商品等)
commercials promoting a new product
促進新產(chǎn)品銷售的商業(yè)廣告
promote growth / prosperity / understanding
促進增長/繁榮/了解
be promoted (to be) captain / to the rank of captain
被提升為隊長 ◆The boy was promoted to the fourth grade.
這個男孩升到四年級了。 2、 determine vt. 決定；決心，決意；確定；使下定決心
determination n. 決心 determined adj. 堅定的，堅決的 determine to do sth. 決心做某事 be determined to do sth. 決心做某事 determine on/upon sth. 對某事下定決心 determine sb. to do sth. 使某人決心做某事 ◆He determined to go / that he (should) go at once.
他決心立刻就走。 ◆He has been determined to learn English well.
他已下決心學(xué)好英語。 ◆They determined on an early start.
他們決定早些出發(fā)。 ◆I have determined on / upon going to the countryside after graduation.
我已決定畢業(yè)后到農(nóng)村去。
“決定干某事”的其他表達法有： decide to do sth. 決定干某事 make a decision to do sth. 決定干某事 make up one's mind to do sth. 決心干某事
______ to win the gold medal, the athlete has been making preparations for more than three years.
A. Be determined
B. Determined
C. Determine
D. To determine B be determined to do中的determined事實上已轉(zhuǎn)換成形容詞，這里為形容詞短語充當(dāng)狀語。 3、persuade
vt. 說服；使信服 persuade sb. to do/into doing sth. 說服某人做某事 try to persuade sb. to do/advise sb. into doing sth. 勸說某人做某事(不一定成功) persuade sb. not to do/out of doing sth. 勸阻某人做某事 persuade sb. of sth. 使某人相信某事 persuade sb. that 使某人相信…… ◆I persuaded him to go with me. 我勸他和我一起去。 ◆I will try to persuade him into returning home. 我試著勸他回家。 4、share vt. 分享 ◆Will you share your sandwich with me? 你可以和我分享你的三明治嗎？ vi. 共同承擔(dān) ◆All the countries share in the responsibility for the financial crisis. 所有的國家都共同為金融危機負(fù)責(zé)。 n. 份額 ◆We must make sure that everyone gets equal shares of the food. 我們必須確保每個人都獲得相同分量的食物。 ◆The total bill comes to ￡80, so our share is ￡20. 賬單總共是80英鎊，所以我們的份額是20英鎊。
From my perspective, a real friend is one who will always ______ your sorrow and joy.
A. take
B. appreciate
C. share
D. share in
D share后常接表示具體意義的名詞，而share in后常接表示抽象意義的名詞。 5、serve vt. 服務(wù) ◆That's the restaurant where they refused to serve Tom because he was so rude.
那個就是拒絕為湯姆提供服務(wù)的餐館，因為他太粗魯了。
vi. & vt. 提供食物；在……工作 ◆Breakfast is served in the restaurant between 7 and 9.
這個餐館在7點到9點之間提供早餐。 ◆He served in the army in India for twenty years.
他在印度的部隊里服役了20年。
In some parts of the world, tea ______ with milk and sugar.
A. is serving
B. is served
C. serves
D. served B 6、appeal n. & v. 呼吁；懇求；訴諸，求助；吸引(力) appeal to sb. for sth. / to do sth. 懇求某人某事 / 做某事 appeal to sb. 吸引某人 appeal to sb. 向某人申訴/上訴 appealing adj. 有吸引力的，有趣的 ◆The United Nations' appeal for a ceasefire has been ignored by both sides.
兩邊對聯(lián)合國的?；鸷粲醪挥枥頃?。 ◆The idea appealed to Mary.
這個想法吸引了瑪麗。 ◆These subjects have lost their appeal to most students.
這些科目對許多學(xué)生已經(jīng)失去了吸引力。
The police (正呼吁公眾) for information about the crime.
