高考英語語法專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練：第8講-非謂語動(dòng)詞（快班）
Practise 1). When _______(heat) water will be changed
into vapour.
While _______ (heat) water, we can change it into vapour.
2) ______(see) from the hill, the city looks beautiful.
_______ (see) from the hill,
you will find the city beautiful.
3) Generally speaking, when
________(take) according to the directions, the drug has no
side effect.
If ________(take) the drug according to the directions, you will be better soon. heated heating Seen Seeing
taken taking 2.(2010高考英語上海秋季卷,33) Lucy has a great sense of humor and always keeps her colleagues ______ with her stories. amused
B. amusing C. to amuse
D. to be amused
【答案】A 返回目錄 3.(2010年高考北京卷)I’m calling to enquire
About the position_____ in yesterday’s China
Daily. A. advertised
B.
advertising C. being advertised
C.
to advertise
A
doing…
being done
having done…
having been done 一般式(doing)表示主動(dòng)的
一般性的動(dòng)作或者正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作； 被動(dòng)式(being done)表示正在進(jìn)行的
被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作； 完成式(having done)表示發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)作之前
的主動(dòng)的動(dòng)作； 完成被動(dòng)式(having being done)
表示發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)作之前的被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作。 作狀語可以表示時(shí)間、原因、
條件、讓步、
結(jié)果、方式
或伴隨情況。 分詞作狀語時(shí)的邏輯主語問題
分詞作狀語時(shí)，其邏輯主語必須同句子的主語一致；如果不一致，需在分詞前加一個(gè)邏輯主語，分詞和它的邏輯主語合稱獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)或用狀語從句。
1) Being an orphan, the nurse treated him kindly.
2) He being an orphan, the nurse treated him
kindly.
3) As he was an orphan, the nurse treated him
kindly.
F T T (True or false) 現(xiàn)在分詞與不定式作結(jié)果狀語時(shí)的區(qū)別
1). European football is played in 80 countries , _________ it the most popular sport in the world . (NMET 1998)
A. making
B. makes
C. make
D. to make
2). He hurried to the station only ________ that the train had left . (2005廣東)
A. to find
B. finding
C. found
D. to have found
現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語往往表示“正常出現(xiàn)的、自 然而然的或意料之中”的結(jié)果。不定式作結(jié)果狀語 時(shí)通常表示“偶然的、出乎意料的”一種結(jié)果
A A 非謂語動(dòng)詞 主語 賓語 賓補(bǔ) 主補(bǔ) 定語 狀語 表語 不定式 -ing分詞 過去分詞 √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √
表示心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞如excite, interest等都是及物 動(dòng)詞，漢語注解不是“激動(dòng)”、“高興”，而是“使得激 動(dòng)”、“使高興”，因而現(xiàn)在分詞應(yīng)該是“令人激動(dòng)的”、 “令人高興的”，過去分詞則是“感到激動(dòng)的”和“感到高 興的”。所以，凡表示“令人……的”都是-ing形式，凡 是表示“感到 ……”都用-ed形式。換句話說，若人 對……感興趣，就是somebody is interested in...， 若人/物本身有趣時(shí)，就是sb./sth. is
interesting。 6、現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞作表語的區(qū)別 delighting 令人高興的——delighted 感到高興的 disappointing 令人失望的——disappointed 感到
失望的 encouraging 令人鼓舞的——encouraged 感到鼓
舞的 pleasing 令人愉快的——pleased
感到愉快的 puzzling 令人費(fèi)解的——puzzled
感到費(fèi)解的 satisfying 令人滿意的——satisfied
感到滿意的 surprising 令人驚異的——surprised
感到驚異的 worrying 令人擔(dān)心的——worried
感到擔(dān)心的
7、動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)
動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)由物主代詞或人稱代詞賓 格、名詞所有格或普通格加動(dòng)名詞構(gòu)成。
1) LiPing’s/ My helping her moved her deeply.
2) I appreciate your/you/LiPing’s/ LiPing coming
to see me.
3) Is there any hope of our team winning the
match?
4) What made me angry was many students
failing in the exam.
(動(dòng)名詞結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語, 其邏輯主語用賓格或所有格均可) (動(dòng)名詞結(jié)構(gòu)作主語, 其邏輯主語用所有格) (邏輯主語是無生命名詞時(shí), 只用普通格) (以-s 結(jié)尾的名詞, 只用普通格) 1) I would appreciate _____ back this afternoon .
A. you to call
B. you call
C. your calling
D. you’re calling
2) ________ made her mother very angry.
A. Mary marrying
Jim
B. Mary’s married Jim
C. Mary’s marrying Jim
D. Mary’s being married Jim C
C
獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu) 練習(xí)： 造一個(gè)含有獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的句子 All flights_____ because of the snowstorm, we decided to take the train.
A. were canceled
B. had been canceled
C. having canceled
D. having been canceled 2. _____ for a long time, most of the crops in this area died from lacking water.
A. Being no rain
B. There was no rain
C. To be no rain
D. There being no rain 3. Everything _______ into consideration, they believed themselves more and returned to their positions.
A. to take
B. taken
C. to be taken
D. taking D D B Thank you!
非
謂
語
動(dòng)
詞
Non-predicate Verbs 1.(2011高考英語陜西卷,20) More highways have
been built in China,_____ it much easier for people to travel from one place to another. A. making
B. made
C. to make
D. having made 【答案】A 返回目錄 2.(2011高考英語陜西卷,14) Chaire had her luggage ______ an hour before her plane left. A. check
B. checking
C.
to check
D. checked
【答案】D 返回目錄 3.(2010高考英語上海秋季卷,33) Lucy has a great sense of humor and always keeps her colleagues ______ with her stories. amused
B. amusing C. to amuse
D. to be amused
【答案】A 返回目錄 4.(2011高考全國卷,27) The next thing he saw was smoke _____ from behind the house. A. rose
B. rising
C. to rise
D. risen
【答案】B 返回目錄
什么是非謂
語動(dòng)詞啊？
“非謂語非謂語”,就是不是謂語的動(dòng)詞唄! 那“不是謂語” 是什么呢？ …… 英語一個(gè)簡單句只能有一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu) 如果出現(xiàn)更多主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，可以用以下 方法：
加入并列連詞，構(gòu)成并列句（and / but / so…）
放入從句，構(gòu)成主從復(fù)合句
變?yōu)榉侵^語動(dòng)詞，構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞短語加句子
主語、謂語、賓語、定語、狀語、補(bǔ)語
1、什么叫非謂語動(dòng)詞？與謂語動(dòng)詞有什么區(qū)別？ 2 、非謂語動(dòng)詞有哪些？ 有哪些具體的不同形式？ 3、 不同的非謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)詞表示
的動(dòng)作的先后關(guān)系是什么？ 4、 非謂語動(dòng)詞在句中通常作什么成分？
一、要點(diǎn)知識檢查及重難點(diǎn)強(qiáng)調(diào)與提醒
非謂語動(dòng)詞就是不能作句子謂語而具有其他語法功能的動(dòng)詞。
1、什么叫非謂語動(dòng)詞？與謂語動(dòng)詞有什么區(qū)別？ 非謂語動(dòng)詞的三種形式
-ing形式
-ed形式
to do不定式 非謂語動(dòng)詞 同謂語動(dòng)詞的區(qū)別
謂語動(dòng)詞——只能做謂語；有人稱和數(shù)的變化；有時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)和語氣的變化。
非謂語動(dòng)詞——不能做謂語，也沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化；仍具有動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn)，有時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化；如果是及物動(dòng)詞(vt.)后面可接賓語。 ① At last, we found ourselves in a pleasant
park with trees providing shade and _____
down to eat our picnic lunch. (2005上海）
A. sitting
B. having sat
C. to sit
D. sat D ② Prices of daily goods _____ through a
computer can be lower than store prices.
A.
are bought
B. bought
C.
have been bought
D. buying B 非謂語 不定式（to do) 過去分詞(-ed) - ing 分詞 -ed 分詞 2 非謂語動(dòng)詞有哪些？ 非謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)
(以動(dòng)詞make為例) 時(shí)態(tài) 語態(tài) 主動(dòng)語態(tài) 被動(dòng)語態(tài)
-ing 一般式
完成式
-ed 一般式
to do 一般式 完成式 進(jìn)行式
making
being made
having made having been made
/
made
to make to be made to have made to have been made to be making
/ 3 非謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作的先后關(guān)系是什么？
非謂語表示的動(dòng)作
非謂語動(dòng)詞的形式 在謂語表示的動(dòng)作之后 與謂語表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生 在謂語表示的動(dòng)作之前 to do/to be done
to do/to be done /to be doing ; doing/being done ;
done; to have done/to have been done ; having done/having been done 弄清非謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作 之間的先后關(guān)系是解題的關(guān)鍵所在 動(dòng)詞-ing：主，謂,
賓，定,
狀,
表，補(bǔ) 動(dòng)詞-ed： 主，謂,
賓，定,
狀,
表，補(bǔ) 不定式：
主，謂,
賓，定,
狀,
表，補(bǔ) √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ 4、 非謂語動(dòng)詞在句中通常作什么成分？
二、幾個(gè)重要區(qū)別 1、不定式和ing分詞均能作主語，二者有何區(qū)別？ 2、 不定式和動(dòng)名詞都可作賓語, 有何區(qū)別？ 3、 不定式和分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語表達(dá)的意義有何不同？ 4、不定式、ing 分詞和過去分詞都可以作定語， 主要區(qū)別是什么？ 5、能作狀語的有不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞。 作什么樣的狀語取決于什么因素？ 6、現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞作表語的區(qū)別是什么？ 7、動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)是什么？
1.表示某一具體的動(dòng)作時(shí)，多用不定式；表示比較抽象的一般行為傾向的，多用動(dòng)名詞。
2.動(dòng)名詞作主語 時(shí)通常位于句首；不定式作主語時(shí)常置于句末，用it作形式主語放在句首。
1) Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here.
2) It is not very good for you to smoke so much.
(抽象) (具體)
Seeing is believing.
To see is to believe.
若主語和表語都是非謂語動(dòng)詞, 應(yīng)保持形式
上的一致。
1、不定式和ing分詞均能作主語，二者有何區(qū)別？ 1). It’s necessary to be prepared for a job
interview. ________the answers ready
will be of great help.
A. To have
B. Having had
C. Have
D. Having
2). In fact _____ is a hard job for the police
to keep order in an important match.
A. this
B. that
C. there
D. it
D D 下列句型中常用動(dòng)名詞作主語: It is/was
no use/good not any use/good of little use/good useless +doing sth. 2、不定式和動(dòng)名詞都可作賓語, 有何區(qū)別？
2）. 有些動(dòng)詞后只跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語 3）.有些動(dòng)詞后既可以跟不定式又可以跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語，意義上無多大區(qū)別 4）.有些動(dòng)詞后既可以跟不定式，又可以跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語，但意義上有明顯差別
1）. 有些動(dòng)詞后只跟不定式作賓語
1）. 有些動(dòng)詞后只跟不定式作賓語，如：
…… manage, promise, pretend, plan, offer, agree, ask, dare, choose, fail, help(幫助)，want(想要) ,refuse等。
2）. 有些動(dòng)詞后只跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語，如：
……practise, appreciate, dislike, excuse, forgive, keep, resist, risk, deny, advise, fancy, complete, forbid, permit, allow, stand, refer to, give up, lead to, take to, set about, get down to, object to, succeed in, have difficulty in...
1) I can’t stand ______ with Jane in the same
office. She just refuses _____ talking while
she works.
A. working; stopping
B. to work; stopping
C. working; to stop
D. to work; to stop
2) He got well-prepared for the job interview,
for he couldn’t risk ____ the good opportunity.
A. to lose
B. losing
C. to be lost
D. being lost C B
3）.有些動(dòng)詞如begin, start; love, like, hate, prefer后既可以跟不定式又可以跟ing分詞作賓語，意義上無多大區(qū)別(但ing分詞一般表示經(jīng)常性的行為；不定式表示具體的行為)。
I like __________ very much, but I don't
like _________ this afternoon.
A. swimming, swimming???
?B. to swim, to swim
C. swimming, to swim??
?
?D. to swim, swimming
C
Little Jim should love __________ to the theatre this evening
A. to be taken?
B. to take????
C. being taken?
?D. taking 如果like, love, prefer前有would/
should,
后面則應(yīng)該接動(dòng)詞不定式。
A A would like 還有哪些用法？ 4）.有些動(dòng)詞后既可以跟不定式，又可以跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語，但意義上有明顯差別。 討論：有哪些單詞或短語？
go on (stop/remember/regret)to do/doing
can’t help to do / doing
be used to do / doing
( get used to doing)
(used to do)
Children should be allowed ______ their own decisions.
A. making
B. to make
C. make
D. having made B My advisor encouraged _____ a summer
course to improve my writing skills.
A. for me taking
B. me taking
C. for me to take
D. me to take
D 3. 不定式和分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語表達(dá)的意義不同。
