高考英語語法復(fù)習(xí)及配套練習(xí)八：動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)
語法復(fù)習(xí)八：動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)（1）
一、動詞的分類和形式：
動詞是表示動作和狀態(tài)的詞。動詞有時態(tài)、語態(tài)和語氣3種形式的變化。
1、動詞按其能否獨立作謂語而分為：“謂語動詞”和“非謂語動詞”兩種
2、動詞的4種基本形式：動詞原形、過去式、過去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞。
3、動詞按其構(gòu)成動詞詞組作用分為：實義動詞、連系動詞、情態(tài)動詞和助動詞。1）實義動詞分為及物動詞和不及物動詞。還可分為持續(xù)性動詞和瞬間動詞；2）連系動詞有兩種：一種表特征或狀態(tài)，另一種表狀態(tài)變化過程。
4、五種不同的短語動詞：1）“動詞+介詞”；2）“動詞+副詞”；3）“動詞+副詞+介詞”；4）“動詞+名詞（或代詞）+介詞”；5）“be+形容詞（包括相當于形容詞的過去分詞+介詞”。
二、動詞的時態(tài)：
1、一般現(xiàn)在時的用法：1）表示現(xiàn)在的習(xí)慣，經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。2）表示主語的特征、性格和能力。3）表示客觀事實或真理。4）表示按照計劃安排好的將來行為。（只限于是go,come, leave, start, stop, be等開始或移動意義的詞。）
2、一般過去時的用法：1）表示過去的動作或狀態(tài)。2）敘述過去連續(xù)發(fā)生的事情。3）表示過去一段時間內(nèi)經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作。
3、一般將來時的用法：1）表示將來的動作或狀態(tài)。2）表示將來的經(jīng)常動作。
4、現(xiàn)在進行時的用法：1）表示說話時正在進行的動作。2）表示現(xiàn)階段正在進行的動作。（說話時動作不一定進行。）
5、過去進行進的用法：1）過去某一時刻或某一段時間內(nèi)正在進行的動作。2）表示移動的動詞：come, start, stay, leave, go等詞的過去進行時可以表示過去的將來要發(fā)生的動作。3）was going to do可以表示在過去某一時間之后發(fā)生的動作。
6、現(xiàn)在完成時的用法：1）表示剛剛完成的動作，常與just連用。2）表示過去發(fā)生而持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，甚至延續(xù)到將來。常與since, for連用，但for, since不能與終止性的動詞連用。3）表示過去的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。
7、現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時的區(qū)別：1）現(xiàn)在完成時與現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系，它表示過去的動作對現(xiàn)在所產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果、影響。一般過去時通常表示在過去某一具體時間發(fā)生的動作，與現(xiàn)在沒什么聯(lián)系。2）現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的行為；一般過去時著重過去某一時刻的某一具體動作。
8、過去完成的用法：1）表示在過去某一或動作之前已經(jīng)完成的動作。常與by, before等介詞短語或一個狀語從句或上下文暗示。2）表示由過去某一時間開始，一直延續(xù)到過去另一時間的動作，常和for（有時可省去）或since 構(gòu)成的短語或since引導(dǎo)的從句連用。
9、過去將來時的用法：表示對于過去某一時刻而言將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。
練習(xí)一：動詞時態(tài)與語態(tài)（1）
1. When I saw Mary, she ______ on the piano.
A. is playing
B. plays
C. was playing
D. played
2. She ______ the door before she goes away.
A. had locked
B. is locking
C. has locked.
D. was locking.
3. A hunter is a man who ______ animals.
A. catch
B. catches
C. will catch
D. was catching
4. What _____ if I drink this?
A. happens
B. is happening
C. will happen
D. is happened
5. I will visit you if Father ______ me.
A. let
B. lets
C. is letting
D. will let
6. Look out! That tree _____ fall down.
A. is going to
B. will be
C. shall
D. would
7. My uncle _____ to see me. He'll be here soon.
A. comes
B. is coming
C. had come
D. came
8. They can't leave until they _____ their work.
A. did
B. are doing
C. have done
D. has done
9. "Has he seen this film?" " Yes. He ______ it several days ago. "
A. saw
B. has seen
C. had seen
D. was seeing
10. Now Mike isn't here. He ______ Mr Green's. Perhaps he ______ back in a few minutes.
A. went to; is coming
B. has gone to; will come
C. has been to; will be
D. is going to; has come
11. That day he ._______ his clothes before he came to see me.
A. has washed
B. washed
C. had been washing
D. was washed
12. I haven't finished my composition.
I ______ for two hours and a half.
A. have written it
B. have been writing it
C. wrote it
D. am writting it
13. I will take my daughter with me when I _____ ShangHai,
A. go to
B. will go to
C. have been to
D. have gone to
14. This bright girl ______ the truth in front of the enemy.
A. didn't say
B. couldn't speak to
C. said
D. didn't tell
15. The bridge which ______ last year looks really beautiful.
A. was built
B. built
C. was set up
D. had been built
16. " When ______ school begin?"
" Next Monday. "
A. has
B. does
C. did
D. is going to
17. I will ______ here till you give me some money.
A. leave
B. not leave
C. come
D. return
18. I _____ here since I moved here.
A. will work
B. worked
C. work
D. have been working
19. Every time I _____ there, I will buy him something nice.
A. went
B. will go
C. go
D. have gone
20. It was said that his father ______.
A. has died
B. died.
C. has been dead
D. had died
21. We won't go unless you ______ soon.
A. had come
B. came
C. will come
D. come
22._____six years since I began studying English.
A. They have been
B. it is
C. It was
D. There are
23. They ______ the Summer Palace three times.
A. have gone to B. have been to C. have been in D. have gone into
24. "How long haven't we seen each other? ""Well, it _____ nearly two years since we ______ last. "
A. is/have met
B. was/had met
C. is/met
D. has been/had met
25. "Have you seen the art exhibition?" "No, _____ there. "
A. it was not being held
B. they didn't hold
C. it had not held
D. they were holding it
26. Don't get off the bus until it ______.
A. stop
B. will stop
C. stopped
D. has stopped
27. "Where ______ the recorder? I can't see it anywhere." "I _____ it right here. But now it's gone. "
A. did you put/have put
B. have you put/put
C. had you put/was putting
D. were you putting/have put
28. They asked me to have a drink with them. I said that it was 10 years since I ______ a good drink.
A. had enjoyed
B. was enjoying C. enjoyed
D. had been enjoying
29. Don't come tonight. I would rather you _____ tomorrow.
A. come
B. came
C. will come
D. coming
30. ______ you ______?
A. Do/marry
B. Have/married C. Have/been married D. Are/married
31. When he ______ all the newspapers, he'll go home.
A. sells
B. has sold
C. will have sold
D. will be sold
32. "This cloth _____well and _____ long. ""Ok. I'll take it. "
A. washes/lasts
B. is washed/lasted
C. washes/is lasted
D. is washing/lasting
33. "Hurry up, you ______ on the phone. " "Oh, I'm coming. Thank you. "
A. are wanted
B. are being wanted
C. want
D. are wanting
34. I ______ see you, but I didn't, for I had no time.
A. had wanted to B. has wanted to C. wanted
D. was wanted
35. I ______ in Guang Zhou for six years by this October.
A. have lived
B. was living
C. will be living
D. shall have lived
36. By this time next year he ______ from the college.
A. will be graduating
B. should be graduating
C. will have graduated
D. is graduating
37. Our teacher told us that the earth _____ from west to east.
A. turns
B. turn
C. has turned
D. had turned
38. My brother _____ while he _____ his bicycle and hurt himself.
A. fell/was riding
B. fell/were riding
C. had fallen/rode
D. had fallen/was riding
39. Bill said he ____ twenty-one the next year.
A. was going to be
B. was about to be
C. could be
D. was to be
40. It is high time you _____ in bed now.
A. are
B. were
C. will be
D. would be
41. After a while an agreement _____.
A. was arrived at B. was arrived in
C. was arrived
D. has been arrived
42. The air liner from Beijing _____ at 3:00 p.m.
A. is about to arrive
B. has arrived
C. arrives
D. is going to arrive
43.______,that step is not safe!
A. Look around
B. Look up
C. Look out
D. Look down
44. "Have you _____ him to give up smoking?"
"No. I _____, but he wouldn't listen."
A. persuaded/tried
B. tried/persuaded
C. tried/tried
D. persuaded/persuaded
45. The research laboratory is going to ______ the new type of computer to use.
A. take
B. make
C. put
D. send
46. I don't know when he ______, but when he ______, I'll let you know.
A. will come/comes B. comes/will come
C. comes/comes
D. will come/will come
47. How much do you think that vase _____?
A. is cost
B. used
C. was paid for
D. cost
48. I _____ that he would be able to leave tomorrow, but it's beginning to look diffcult.
A. hope
B. had hoped
C. hoped
D. am hoping
49. “Come on, Peter, I want to show you something.”
“Oh, how nice of you, I _____ you _____ to bring me a gift.”
A. never think/are going
B. never thought/ were going
C. didn’t think/ are going
D. hadn’t thought/ were going
50. It’s a nice flat, but it _____ a proper bathroom.
A. haven’t got
B. hasn’t got
C. wouldn’t get D. doesn’t have got
51. She had a shock when she heard the news, _____?
A. hadn’t she
B. didn’t she
C. wouldn’t she D. won’t she
52. This liquid _____ the salt at room temperature.
A. became mixed with
B. was mixed by
C. mixes with
D. has been mixing by
動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)（2）
一、時態(tài)的呼應(yīng)：在復(fù)合句，從句（主要是賓語從句）中的時態(tài)，常受主句謂語動詞的影響，這就叫做時態(tài)的呼應(yīng)，時態(tài)的呼應(yīng)一般有如下的情況。
1、如果主句的謂語動詞為現(xiàn)在時態(tài)，其從句中的謂語動詞應(yīng)該用什么時態(tài)就用什么時態(tài)，如：She knows you have been in Beijing for five rears.
2、如果主句中的謂語動詞為過去時態(tài)，從句中的謂語動詞就要用過去時態(tài)，但要注意到下列情況：（1）如果從句中的謂語動詞所表示的動作與主句中的謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發(fā)生，從句中須用一般過去時或過去進行時，如：She said she was busy then. (2)如果從句中的謂語動詞所表示的動作發(fā)生在主句謂語動詞所表示的動作之前，從句中須用過去完成時，如：I didn’t know that she had been to London twice. (3)如果從句中的謂語動詞所表示的動作發(fā)生在主句謂語動詞所表示的動作之后，從句須用過去將來時，如：They didn’t know when they would have a rest. (4)如果從句中說明的是一種普遍真理現(xiàn)象，雖然主句的謂語動詞為過去時態(tài)從句中仍要用一般現(xiàn)在時，如：When I was a little child, my father told me that the earth is round. (5)如果從句中有表示具體過去時間的狀語，雖然其謂語動詞所表示的動作發(fā)生在主句謂語動詞所表示的動作之前，從句仍用一般過去時，但如果該狀語表示的時間不具體，則從句仍要用過去完成時，如：Tome said he was born in 1975.
二、被動語態(tài)：英語動詞的語態(tài)有兩種：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者，被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者，在被動語態(tài)的句子中，動作的執(zhí)行者，一般由介詞by引起的短語來表示，如:We often help them. (主動)我們常幫助他們。They are often helped by us.(被動)他們常被我們幫助。
1、被動語態(tài)各時態(tài)的形式是由助動詞be的各時態(tài)的形式加及物動詞的過去分詞構(gòu)成。
2、被動語態(tài)八種時態(tài)的用法例句:被動語態(tài)常用的八種時態(tài)的基本用法和主動語態(tài)各時態(tài)的
基本用法相同，只是句中的主語不是動作的執(zhí)行者，而是動作的承受者，如:(1)一般現(xiàn)在時：Now English is taught in all middle schools in our country. (2)一般過去時：The Great hall of the People was built in 1959. (3)一般將來時: When will the work be finished? (4)過去將來時：He told us that the work would be finished the next day. (5)現(xiàn)在進行時：
Your tractor is being repaired now.(6)過去進行時：The child was being examined by the doctor when they came in. (7)現(xiàn)在完成時：The work hasn’t been finished yet. (8)過去完成:The new plan had been carried out before the second experiment began.
3、在下列情況下，一般使用被動語態(tài)：（1）當不知道動作執(zhí)行者是誰或沒有必要提到動作執(zhí)行者時，如：Paper was first made in China. （2）當強調(diào)或突出動作承受者的作用時，如：The new machine was invented by a 20-year-old young worker.
