2024高考英語考綱解讀及熱點(diǎn)演練：13 特殊句式
特殊句式比較雜亂，掌握起來有一定的難度。其中倒裝句是高考的熱點(diǎn)，強(qiáng)調(diào)句是高考的難點(diǎn)。同時(shí)，祈使句與陳述句的區(qū)別、省略與替代的合理運(yùn)用也是高考考查的重點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目。近三年的高考題更加注重考查知識之間的交叉現(xiàn)象，如在考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句的同時(shí)考查定語從句，把省略、強(qiáng)調(diào)句與時(shí)間狀語從句、地點(diǎn)狀語從句的考查等融合在一起，考查考生綜合把握語言知識的能力。
1．(2024·福建，34)Not until he went through real hardship ________ the love we have for our families is important.
A．had he realized
B．did he realize
C．he realized
D．he had realized
2．(2024·湖南，35)Not once________to Michael that he could one day become a top student in his class.
A．occurred it
B．it did occur
C．it occurred
D．did it occur
3．(2024·江蘇，27)“Never for a second，”the boy says，“________that my father would come to my rescue.”
A．I doubted
B．do I doubt
C．I have doubted
D．did I doubt
4．(2024·江西，25)Only when he apologizes for his rudeness ________ to him again.
A．I will speak
B．will I speak
C．do I speak
D．I speak
5．(2024·遼寧，26)At no time________the rules of the game.It was unfair to punish them.
A．they actually broke
B．do they actually break
C．did they actually break
D．they had actually broken
6．(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ，12)Only by increasing the number of doctors by 50 percent________properly in this hospital.
A．can be the patients
B．can the patients be treated
C．the patients can be treated
D．treated can be the patients
7．(2024·天津，11)It was not until near the end of the letter________she mentioned her own plan.
A．that
B．where
C．why
D．when
8．(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ，10)It was only after he had read the papers________Mr.Gross realized the task before him was extremely difficult to complete.
A．when
B．that
C．which
D．what
9．(2024·重慶，27)It was with the help of the local guide ________ the mountain climber was rescued.
A．who
B．that
C．when
D．how
10．(2024·湖南，30)Every day________a proverb aloud several times until you have it memorized.
A．read
B．reading
C．to read
D．reads
【例1】 Never before ________ seen anybody who can play tennis as well as Robert.
A．had she
B．she had
C．has she
D．she has
【例2】 Only after Mary read her composition the second time ________ the spelling mistake.
A．did she notice
B．she noticed
C．does she notice
D．she has noticed
【例3】 For a moment nothing happened.Then ________ all shouting together.
A．voices had come
B．came voices
C．voices would come
D．did voices come
答案 B
1．—It's nice.Never before ________ such a special drink!
—I'm glad you like it.
A．I have had
B．I had
C．have I had
D．had I
2． Not until he left his home ________ to know how important the family was for him.
A．did he begin
B．had he begun
C．he began
D．he had begun
3．Little ________ about her own safety，though she was in great danger herself.
A．did Rose care
B．Rose did care
C．Rose does care
D．does Rose care
完全倒裝與部分倒裝
(1)完全倒裝：當(dāng)狀語here，there，down，up，now，out，off等方位副詞或介詞短語in the room，on the way等置于句首時(shí)，句子全部倒裝，但當(dāng)主語是代詞時(shí)，主謂不倒裝。
(2)部分倒裝：
?、賝nly修飾副詞、介詞短語、狀語從句，且放在句首時(shí)；
?、诜穸ㄔ~、半否定詞never，nor，neither，hardly，seldom，little等置于句首時(shí)；
③so/nor/neither＋助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋主語，表示也(不)……；
?、躍o＋adj./adv.＋助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋主語that...
⑤Not only...，but also...連接句子時(shí)，Not only后是主謂倒裝，but also后是正常語序。
【例4】 It was not until I came here ________ I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather.
A．who
B．that
C．where
D．before
【例5】 If you have a job，________ yourself to it and finally you'll succeed.
A．do devote
B．don't devote
C．devoting
D．not devoting
4． It is not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do ________ benefits our work most.
A．who
B．which
C．that
D．what
5．—Have you seen the film Under the Hawthorn Tree?
—Of course，I have.It was in our village ________ it was made.
A．that
B．where
C．when
D．which
6． It was from only a few supplies that she had bought in the village ________ the hostess cooked such a nice dinner.
A．where
B．that
C．when
D．which
1．被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是人時(shí)，連接詞that/who；非人時(shí)，用that。
2．特殊疑問詞＋is/was＋it＋that/who＋其他部分。
3．含not...until...的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型為：It is/was not until＋被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分＋that/who＋其他部分。
4．把句子中的“It is/was...that/who”去掉之后，句子依然成立，就是強(qiáng)調(diào)句，否則就不是強(qiáng)調(diào)句。
5．如果需要強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語，應(yīng)用助動(dòng)詞do，does或did?！?/p>
【例6】 There is little doubt in your mind that he is innocent，________？
A．is there
B．isn't there
C．is he
D．isn't he
【例7】 I told them not everybody could run as fast as you did，________？
A．could he
B．didn't I
C．didn't you
D．could they
【例8】 He must be helping the old man to water the flowers，________？
A．is he
B．isn't he
C．must be
D．mustn't he
7．You and I could hardly work together，________？
A．could you
B．couldnt' I
C．couldn't we
D．could we
8．It's the first time that he has been to Australia，________？
A．isn't he
B．hasn't he
C．isn't it
D．hasn't it
9．—Goodbye，John.Come back again sometime.
—Sure，________.
A．I did
B．I do
C．I shall
D．I will
反意疑問句的特殊情況
(1)含must的反意疑問句。當(dāng)must意為“必須”時(shí)，反意疑問部分用needn't；當(dāng)mustn't為“不允許，禁止”時(shí)，反意疑問部分用must/may；當(dāng)must表推測時(shí)，反意疑問部分的動(dòng)詞形式根據(jù)其后面的動(dòng)詞及其句子的時(shí)間狀語確定。
(2)含賓語從句的反意疑問句。反意疑問部分一般與主句保持一致，但是當(dāng)主句是I think，I believe，I expect，I imagine，I suppose等時(shí)，反意疑問部分與賓語從句保持一致?！?/p>
【例9】 Walmart，which is one of the largest American supermarket chains，________ some of its stores open 24 hours on Mondays through Saturdays.
A．keeps
B．keep
C．have kept
D．had kept
【例10】 All the scientific evidence ________ that increasing use of chemicals in farming ________ damaging our health.
A．show；are
B．shows；are
C．show；is
D．shows；is
【例11】 The basketball coach，as well as his team，________ interviewed shortly after the match for their outstanding performance.
A．were
B．was
C．is
D．a(chǎn)re
10．One－third of the country ________ covered with trees and the majority of the citizens ________ black people.
A．is；are
B．is；is
C．a(chǎn)re；are
D．a(chǎn)re；is
11． The fact that so many people still smoke in public places ________ that we may need a nationwide campaign to raise awareness of the risks of smoking.
A．suggest
B．suggests
C．suggested
D．suggesting
12．—Why does the lake smell terrible?
—Because large quantities of water ________.
A．have polluted
B．is being polluted
C．has been polluted
D．have been polluted
【歸納總結(jié)】
“主謂一致”三原則
(1)語法一致原則
主語和謂語通常在語法形式上一致，即主語是單數(shù)形式，謂語動(dòng)詞也采用單數(shù)形式；主語是復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語動(dòng)詞也采用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
(2)意義一致原則
意義一致原則是指從意義著眼來解決主謂一致問題。有時(shí)主語形式上為單數(shù)，但意義上卻是復(fù)數(shù)，那么謂語根據(jù)意義也用復(fù)數(shù)形式；而有時(shí)主語形式上為復(fù)數(shù)，但意義上卻是單數(shù)，那么謂語根據(jù)意義亦用單數(shù)形式。如有些集合名詞，如public，goverment，family，class，team，group等。
(3)就近原則
就近原則是指謂語動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)常常與其鄰近的名詞或代詞保持一致。常出現(xiàn)在這類句子中的有or，either...or，neither...nor，not only...but also，not... but等?！?/p>
【例1】 ________ a strange plant！I've never seen it before.
A．Which
B．What
C．How
D．Whether
【例】 It sounds like something is wrong with the car's engine.________，we'd better take it to the garage immediately.
A．Otherwise
B．If not
C．But for that
D．If so
【例】 ________ a certain doubt among the people as to the practical value of the project.
A．It has
B．They have
C．It remains
D．There remains
【例】 —What's the matter with Della?
—Well，her parents wouldn't allow her to go to the party，but she still ________.
A．hopes to
B．hopes so
C．hopes not
D．hopes for
1． he shocking news made me realize ________ terrible problems we would face.
A．what
B．how
C．that
D．why
2．—Who should be responsible for the accident?
—The boss，not the workers.They just carried out the order ________.
A．a(chǎn)s told
B．a(chǎn)s are told
C．a(chǎn)s telling
D．a(chǎn)s they told
．—Have you got any particular plans for the coming holiday?
—Yes.________，I'm going to visit some homes for the old in the city.
A．If ever
B．If busy
C．If anything
D．If possible
省略
(1)狀語從句的省略
一般說來狀語從句的省略現(xiàn)象多出現(xiàn)在下列五種狀語從句中：
?、塾蓆hough，although，even if，whatever等引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句。
?、苡蒩s...as...，than等引導(dǎo)的比較狀語從句。
⑤由as，as if，as though等引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句。
(2)不定式的省略
在特定的語境中，可單獨(dú)使用不定式符號to，省略動(dòng)詞不定式符號to后面的內(nèi)容。
(3)一些特殊省略句式
?、賞ossible/necessary與if，when，where，whenever，wherever連用時(shí)常采用省略形式。
?、趙hy/why not句式。why/why not常跟動(dòng)詞原形，用來詢問為什么或?yàn)槭裁床??！?．—Did Linda see the traffic accident?
—No，no sooner ________ than it happened.
A．had she gone
B．she had gone
C．has she gone
D．she has gone2．It was last night ________ I saw the comet.
A．the time
B．when
C．that
D．which
3．I don't mind her criticizing me，but ________ is how she does it that I object to.
A．it
B．that
C．this
D．which
4．—I didn't go to see the doctor yesterday.
—But you ________.
A．ought
B．ought to
C．ought to be
D．ought to have
5．Every evening after dinner，if not ________ from work，I will spend some time walking my dog.
A．being tired
B．tiring
C．tired
D．to be tired
6．He jumped at the opportunity when he saw the advertisement in a newspaper，because barely ________ make ends meet.
A．he could
B．could he
C．he couldn't
D．couldn't he
7．Either you or one of your students ________ to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.
A．a(chǎn)re
B．is
C．have
D．be
8．Both of you claim you are right.In fact，either you or he ________ wrong.
A．a(chǎn)re
B．is
C．were
D．was
9．Either the Greek or the Australian ________ the boxing competition.
A．have won
B．has won
C．a(chǎn)re won
D．is won
10．Playing football and watching TV ________ both interesting.
A．were
B．was
C．a(chǎn)re
