2024屆高考英語(yǔ)沖刺寫作必考話題：3-8 unit8 adventure

　　risk vt.冒……的危險(xiǎn)n.風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，危險(xiǎn)

　　(教材原句)What makes people risk their lives to do them？是什么使人們冒著生命危險(xiǎn)去做這些事呢？

　　(1)risk doing sth

　　冒險(xiǎn)做某事

　　(2)at risk

　　處境危險(xiǎn)；遭受危險(xiǎn)

　　at one's (own) risk

　　自負(fù)責(zé)任；自負(fù)后果

　　at the risk of doing sth

　　冒做某事的危險(xiǎn)

　　run/take the/a risk(或run/take risks) 冒險(xiǎn) ①Also, the researchers said that higher income was related to a greater risk of disability.(2024·湖北卷，E)

　　而且，研究人員說(shuō)，收入越高，傷殘疾的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)越大。 ②He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldn't risk losing the good opportunity.

　　他為面試作了充分的準(zhǔn)備，因?yàn)樗幌朊帮L(fēng)險(xiǎn)失去這次好機(jī)會(huì)。 ③Millions of lives in Africa and other poor areas are at risk because of severe food shortages.

　　由于嚴(yán)重的食物短缺，非洲和其他貧窮地區(qū)的成百萬(wàn)人民的生命正處于危險(xiǎn)之中。 ④Will they go ahead with their

　　plans, even______________ the Americans?

　　他們將繼續(xù)實(shí)施那項(xiàng)計(jì)劃嗎，甚至他們?cè)敢饷爸米锩绹?guó)人的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)去這么做嗎？ 答案?、躠t the risk of offending ①Q(mào)uantities of food were spread out on the table.

　　許多食品被攤放在桌子上。 ②The cards are cheaper if you buy them in quantity.

　　大批量購(gòu)買這些卡片要便宜些。 ③A large quantity of good earth ______________ in this area every year.每年這個(gè)地區(qū)大量沃土被沖走。 答案?、踚s being washed away 【特別提示】 a quantity of/quantities of意思相當(dāng)，即能修飾可數(shù)名詞，也可修飾不可數(shù)名詞。前者接不可數(shù)或可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；而后者接不可數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 observe vt.觀察，觀測(cè)；遵守；慶祝

　　(教材原句)Air-conditioned vehicles for observing animals.用于觀察動(dòng)物的帶空調(diào)的車輛。

　　觀察句子，寫出下列黑體部分的含義

　?、貴ailure to observe all Park rules could result in being driven out of the Park without refund.________ (2024·江蘇卷，A)

　?、贗t is a custom to observe Christmas in the west.________

　?、跧n homes with cats and dogs living peacefully, researchers observed a surprising behaviour.________ (1)observe sb do sth/doing sth

　　觀察到某人做了某事/正在做某事 (2)observation n．

　　觀察；遵守

　　under observation 被觀察；被監(jiān)視 ④ His neighbor observed a stranger enter his house and take away some valuables.他的鄰居看見(jiàn)一個(gè)陌生人進(jìn)入他家，拿走了一些貴重物品。

　　答案?、僮袷亍、趹c?！、塾^察 limit

　　vt.限制，限定n.界限；邊界，限度

　　(教材原句)The speed limit for bicycles on campus is 15mph, unless otherwise posted.(2024·天津卷A)

　　在大學(xué)校園對(duì)自行車的速度限制為每小時(shí)15英里，除非另有說(shuō)明。

　　(1)limit...to...

　　把……限定在……范圍內(nèi)

　　(2)set a limit to/on...

　　對(duì)……規(guī)定限度

　　ithin the limit of...

　　在……范圍內(nèi)

　　(3)limited adj.

　　有限的 ① You're required to limit your speech to five minutes.要求你把演講限制在五分鐘之內(nèi)。 ②Central government has________________by local councils.

　　中央政府已給地方政府開(kāi)支設(shè)置了一個(gè)限度。 答案?、趕et a limit on/to spending take off 起飛，脫去(衣服等)；開(kāi)始成功；休假

　　觀察句子，寫出下列黑體部分的含義

　?、買n Korea, you should take off your shoes when entering a house.

　　(2024·安徽卷任務(wù)型閱讀)

　　________

　?、贏s the plane was taking off, I remembered I hadn't turned the iron off.

　　________

　?、跧've decided to take a few days off to visit my parents.

　　________

　?、蹵fter his third film, his career of film performance took off.

　　________ take over

　　接管，接任 take out

　　拿出；帶……出去；去掉 take away

　　拿走；消除；奪走 take on

　　呈現(xiàn)，具有(特征、外觀等) ⑤Who will________now that Camacho has resigned?

　　卡馬喬已經(jīng)辭職，誰(shuí)將接替他呢？ 答案?、倜撓隆、谄痫w?、坌菁佟、荛_(kāi)始成功?、輙ake over turn up 出現(xiàn)，到場(chǎng)；找出，發(fā)現(xiàn)；開(kāi)大，調(diào)高

　　(教材原句)When I turned up for my first jump I was so nervous that I tried to back out, but my friends persuaded me to go through with it.

　　當(dāng)我第一次跳的時(shí)候，我很緊張以致試圖放棄，但在朋友們的勸說(shuō)下，我終于完成了那次蹦極。 觀察句子，寫出下列黑體部分的含義 ①This is similar to waiting for a bus that never turns up.

　　________ ②Investigations have never turned up any evidence.________ ③Bill would turn up the TV in the other room. ________ turn on

　　打開(kāi)，開(kāi)啟 turn off

　　關(guān)掉 turn down

　　調(diào)?。痪芙^ turn to

　　求助于 turn out

　　最后結(jié)果，最終成為；在場(chǎng)；出席；生產(chǎn) ④Don't worry—I'm sure it will all________________fine.別擔(dān)心——我敢肯定一切最終會(huì)好起來(lái)的。 答案?、俪霈F(xiàn)?、谡业健、壅{(diào)高　④turn out to be get across 使理解(某事)；使被接受；橫過(guò)(馬路、河等)

　　(教材原句)It's difficult to get across how exciting it is！要真正體會(huì)到這是多么令人興奮的事并不容易。 觀察句子，寫出下列黑體部分的含義 ①The local government took some measures to help the deer to get across the highway. ________ ②Officers felt their point of view was not getting across to ministers. ________ ③It took a long time to get across to the workers the way the system worked. ________ get away from

　　逃離；遠(yuǎn)離；避開(kāi) get down to

　　開(kāi)始認(rèn)真處理/對(duì)待，開(kāi)始做 get through

　　穿過(guò)；完成；接通電話；用完 ④If everyone keeps in line, we'll______________ the customs soon.

　　如果大家都遵守秩序，我們會(huì)很快通過(guò)海關(guān)。 答案?、贆M過(guò)?、诮邮堋、劾斫狻、躦et through break down 損壞，不能運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)；身體垮掉；失??；

　　崩潰；拆毀，拆除；使分解

　　(教材原句)First, his two sledges broke down, and then the horses began to have serious difficulties with the snow and the cold.先是他的兩個(gè)雪橇壞了，接著馬匹開(kāi)始應(yīng)付不了大雪和嚴(yán)寒的天氣。 觀察句子，寫出下列黑體部分的含義 ①Our car broke down and we had to draw it to a garage.

　　________ ②The firemen broke down the wall in order to gain quick access to the building on fire.

　　________ ③His health has broken down completely. ________ ④Peace talks have broken down in the Middle East.________ ⑤Sugar and starch (淀粉) are broken down in the stomach.

　　________ break in

　　闖入；插話，打斷 break away from 突然掙脫，擺脫 break out(壞事) 突然發(fā)生，爆發(fā) break through 沖破，突破；克服，戰(zhàn)勝 break up

　　破碎；解散；結(jié)束；(學(xué)校)期終放假 ⑥And, as so often in China when someone comes up with a good idea, many others rush in and price wars__________.

　　那在中國(guó)是常發(fā)生的事，當(dāng)有人提出一個(gè)好主意時(shí)，許多其他的人便蜂擁而至，便爆發(fā)了價(jià)格之戰(zhàn)。

　　答案　①損壞?、诓鸪、劭宓簟、苁　、莘纸?/p>

　?、辀reak out

　　[句 式 詮 釋] (教材原句)Although people enjoyed reading his book, many of them thought that Marco‘s stories about China were too fantastic to be true.盡管人們喜歡讀他的書，但是很多人認(rèn)為馬可講的關(guān)于中國(guó)的故事太離奇了，令人難以置信。

　　(1)該句中使用了too...to...結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“太……而不能……”，too后面跟形容詞(或副詞)，但當(dāng)其后接形容詞修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，要把不定冠詞a(n)放在形容詞之后。

　　①You're right. It's too good a day to miss. (2011·浙江卷，D)

　　你說(shuō)的對(duì)，這是個(gè)好日子不容錯(cuò)過(guò)。 (2)too...to...句式中，若too后接glad, pleased, happy, eager, anxious, willing, ready, easy等表示心情、情緒的形容詞，表示肯定意義，too相當(dāng)于very。 ②They seemed to be too nervous and were too anxious to leave.他們好像過(guò)份緊張，并且十分急于離開(kāi)。 (3)如果too前有否定詞never或not(即never/not too...to...)，或者不定式前有not(即too...not to do...)時(shí)，這兩種形式均表示肯定意義。 ③They are never too hardworking to finish the work on time.他們是非常勤快的，能按時(shí)完成這項(xiàng)工作。 (4)can't...too...表示“無(wú)論怎樣……也不過(guò)分”。 ④You can't be too careful to drive. After all, life is valuable.

　　你開(kāi)車時(shí)怎么仔細(xì)也不為過(guò)。畢竟生命是寶貴的。 (5)too...to句式可以與not enough...to...或so...that...句式相互轉(zhuǎn)換。 ⑤He is too weak to carry the box.＝He isn't strong enough to carry the box.＝He is________weak ________he can't carry the box.

　　他太虛弱了，搬不動(dòng)這個(gè)箱子。 答案?、輘o；that (教材原句)The next to go was Captain Oates, who was having great difficulty walking.

　　接下來(lái)離開(kāi)的是奧茨上尉，他行走有很大的困難。

　　have difficulty (in) doing sth/with sth表示“在……方面有困難(或麻煩)；對(duì)……有困難”。除difficulty外，trouble, bother, problems, fun, a hard/good time等也可用于該結(jié)構(gòu)。

　　①Do you have any difficulty (in) finding his address?

　　找他的地址你有困難嗎？

　?、贗 have some trouble (in) getting along with my deskmate.

　　我和同桌相處有些困難。 考點(diǎn)歸納拓展 基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)通關(guān) [寫 作 必 備] 基礎(chǔ)詞匯 1．occur v．發(fā)生 2．a(chǎn)dvocate v.

　　提倡 3．a(chǎn)ssistance n.

　　幫助 4．harmonious adj.

　　和諧的 5．regretful adj.

　　后悔的 6．congratulate v.

　　祝賀 7．independent adj.

　　獨(dú)立的 ·必考話題8　日常活動(dòng) 8．remind v.

　　提醒 9．outgoing adj.

　　外向的 10．persevere v.

　　堅(jiān)持不懈 11．give up

　　放棄 12．rather than

　　而不是 13．belong to

　　屬于 14．be familiar with

　　對(duì)……熟悉 提分句型 1．Hope for the best，but prepare for the worst.

　　抱最好的愿望，做最壞的打算。 2．On the way home，I caught sight of a car knocking into a big truck.

　　在回家的路上，我看到了一輛轎車撞上了一輛大卡車。 3．To our surprise，they seemed to show no interest in trying kicking the harmful habit.使我們感到驚訝的是，對(duì)于嘗試改掉那種有害的習(xí)慣他們似乎不感興趣。 4．It's advisable that we brush our teeth before going to bed.我們睡前刷牙是可取的。 5．He feels sleepy in classes because he studies deep into the night.因?yàn)榘疽箤W(xué)習(xí)，課堂上他覺(jué)得昏昏欲睡。

　　[美 文 賞 析] 素材示例　(2024·陜西卷)假定你是李華。請(qǐng)根據(jù)寫作要點(diǎn)用英語(yǔ)寫一篇周記，記述你周末幫助家人做家務(wù)的一次經(jīng)歷。

　　寫作要點(diǎn)：(1)做家務(wù)的理由；(2)做家務(wù)的過(guò)程；(3)你的感受。

　　注意：(1)短文詞數(shù)不少于100；(2)開(kāi)頭部分已寫好，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。(3)不能使用真實(shí)姓名和學(xué)校名稱。

　　I am an 18-year-old middle school student.____________

　　____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ I'm an 18-year-old middle school student.I have always been too busy with my study to help my parents at home.Not until recently do I begin to think about what I should do for my parents.① Last Sunday，when my parents were not at home，it occurred to me that I could clean the whole house②.

　　At first，I

　　swept and mopped the floor.Then I put the things in place such as books，newspapers and other things

　　scattered in the room. 佳作播報(bào)

　　I was wiping the door when my parents came back③. They were only too surprised to

　　see what I was doing.I could see tears in my mother's eyes.At that moment，I knew it was time that I shared my load for the family.Tired though I was④，I never realized what use I can be of to my parents until that moment. 1．not until開(kāi)頭的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句放在句首，主句用部分倒裝。

　　[模擬]　Not until he took off his dark glasses did I realise that he was Bi Fujian.

　　直到他摘下墨鏡，我才認(rèn)出他是畢福劍。 2．It occurred/occurs to sb

　　that...某人突然想起……

　　[模擬]　It occurred to me that

　　Da Shan came from Canada.我突然想起大山來(lái)自加拿大。

　　3．be doing...when...正在做某事，這時(shí)……

　　[模擬]　I

　　was watching the Voice of China when

　　someone knocked at the door.

　　我正在看《中國(guó)好聲音》，這時(shí)有人敲門。

　　Ⅰ.核心單詞 1．________(adj.)較重要的；較嚴(yán)重的→________(n.)大多數(shù)；大部分 2．________(adj.)令人疲勞的→________(adj.)疲倦的，厭倦的→________(vt.)使疲倦；使疲勞 3．________(n.)團(tuán)體，組織，機(jī)構(gòu)→________(v.)組織 4．________(adj.)不舒服的，不自在的→________(adj.)舒服的→________(n.&vt.)安慰 5．________(n.)住所，住處→________(vt.)容納 6．________(vi.)不同于，有區(qū)別→________(n.)不同之處→________(adj.)不同的 7．________(adj.)憂慮的，擔(dān)心的→________(n.)焦慮，不安 8．________(vt.)冒……風(fēng)險(xiǎn)→________(adj.)冒險(xiǎn)的 9．________(n.)量，數(shù)量→________(n.)品質(zhì)，質(zhì)量 10．________(adj.)極度的，極端的→________(adv.)極其地，極端地 11．________(n.)相似性，類似性→________(adj.)相似的 12．________(adj.)不同的，各種各樣的→________(n.)品種；種類；變化 13．________(n.)配備，設(shè)備→________(vt.)裝備，配備 14．________(n.)較喜歡的東西，偏愛(ài)→________(v.)喜歡 15．________(vt.)使驚愕(驚奇)→________(adj.)驚愕的，吃驚的→________(adj.)令人驚異的→________(n.)吃驚，驚愕 16．________(vt.)使困惑→________(adj.)困惑的→________(adj.)令人困惑的→________(n.)混亂；困惑 17．________(adj.)富有的，富裕的→________(n.)財(cái)富；富有 18．________(n.)陳述→________(v.)陳述 19．________(n.)志向，抱負(fù)→________(adj.)有遠(yuǎn)大志向的；有野心的 20．________(adj.)愉快的，高興的→________(n.&vt.)歡呼 21．________(vt.)觀察，觀測(cè)→________(n.)觀察 22．________(n.)不利，不利條件→________(n.)有利條件，長(zhǎng)處 23．________(n.)幸存，殘存→________(vt.&vi.)幸免于；幸存 24．________(n.)邊界；限度→________(adj.)有限的 答案　1.major；majority　2.tiring；tired；tire　3.organisation；organise　4.uncomfortable；comfortable；comfort 5．a(chǎn)ccommodation；accommodate　6.differ；difference；different　7.anxious；anxiety　8.risk；risky　9.quantity；quality　10.extreme；extremely　11.similarity；similar　12.various；variety　13.equipment；equip　14.preference；prefer　 15.amaze；amazed；amazing；amazement　16.confuse；confused；confusing；confusion　17.wealthy；wealth　18.statement；state　19.ambition；ambitious　20.cheerful；cheer　21.observe；observation　22.disadvantage；advantage　23.survival；survive　24.limit；limited Adventure in a desert is my preference and ambition.It needs full preparation，quantities of goods and extreme patience.Or you will feel hopeless and anxious and even can't survive. ——詞不離句，句不離段 Ⅱ.重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ) 1．起飛________________ 2．就在此刻

　　________________ 3．為了(某一目的)

　　________________ 4．顛倒地，倒置地

　　________________ 5．出現(xiàn)，到場(chǎng)

　　________________ 6．決定不履行(許諾的事)

　　________________ 7．使理解(某事)

　　________________ 8．in turn

　　________________ 9．break out

　　________________ 10．put into prison

　　________________ 11．stand by

　　________________ 12．on one's way

　　________________ 13．break down

　　________________ 14．run out of

　　________________ 15．carry on

　　________________ 答案　1.take off　2.right now　3.in order to　4.upside down　5.turn up　6.back out　7.get across　8.輪流　9.(壞事)突然發(fā)生，爆發(fā)　10.關(guān)進(jìn)監(jiān)獄　11.堅(jiān)持(某種)說(shuō)法　12.在途中　13.損壞，不能運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)　14.用完，耗盡　15.繼續(xù)做某事 ①The old man was taken care of by his children in turn. ②This is the message that we want to get across to the public. ③Whether we need more food depends on how many people turn up. ④By the time they got back to the camp, they had nearly run out of water. ⑤This printer is of good quality.If it should break down within the first year, we should repair it at our expense. ——小試身手，聚焦短語(yǔ) Ⅲ.經(jīng)典句式 1．Why do you think people would want to go on this trip?

　　你認(rèn)為人們?yōu)槭裁丛敢馊ヂ眯校?/p>

　　[解讀]do you think作插入語(yǔ)

　　[模擬]________________(你認(rèn)為什么時(shí)間)the aircraft carrier made in China will join our navy？ 2.Although people enjoyed reading his book, many of them thought that Marco's stories about China were too fantastic to be true.

　　盡管人們喜歡讀他的書，但是很多人認(rèn)為馬可講的關(guān)于中國(guó)的故事太離奇了，令人難以置信。

　　[解讀]too...to...太……而不能……

　　[模擬]Hearing that our Shenzhou-10 spacecraft was successfully launched, I was ________________(太激動(dòng)而無(wú)法控制淚水)． 3．The next to go was Captain Oates, who was having great difficulty walking.

　　接下來(lái)離開(kāi)的是奧茨上尉，他行走有很大的困難。

　　[解讀]have difficulty (in) doing sth.做某事有困難

　　[模擬]Li Na ________________communicating with the foreigners(和外國(guó)人交流沒(méi)有任何困難)in English. 答案　1.When do you think　2.too excited to hold back my tears　3.doesn't have any difficulty (in) Ⅳ.必背句法——狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)態(tài)動(dòng)詞；定語(yǔ)從句(Ⅲ) 選詞填空 1．—I don't want this kind of cloth.It ________(feels/is felt) too thin.

　　—How about that kind？It ________(is washed/washes) well and________(lasts/lasted) long. 2．We will put off the outing until next week，________ (when/which) we won't be so busy. 3．He wrote a lot of novels，none of ________(which/them) was translated into a foreign language. 4．English online.com is a free site ________(where/that) visitors can not just learn the English language but also chat online. 5．________(As/Which) is often the case with the elder people，my grandma talked about my new hairstyle for at least 50 minutes nonstop. 答案　1.feels；washes；lasts　2.when　3.which 4．where　5.As ①—How about that kind of cloth?