職稱英語《綜合類》考試語法講解：省略
省略：
1)省略是為了避免重復(fù)，保持語言簡潔的一種語法手段。尤其是在口語中，省略是個(gè)普遍現(xiàn)象，例如：
I have heard of the news. So have I.
He didnt go to the concert yesterday. Neither did I.
想一下，為什么以上句子的應(yīng)答部分要采用倒裝形式?
此外，此類省略形式的要注意的一個(gè)問題是：前后時(shí)態(tài)要一致。
2)就職稱考試而言，大家要特別注意由when, while, whether, if, unless, although等引出的狀語從句中的省略現(xiàn)象，比較：
不省略：The young boy was badly injured by a motorcycle when he was crossing the street.
省略：The young boy was badly injured by a motorcycle when crossing the street.
不省略：If irrigation is not well managed, it can be harmful.
省略：If not well managed, irrigation may be harmful.
從以上兩個(gè)例子可以歸納出此類從句的省略基本規(guī)則：
只有當(dāng)主句和從句的主語相同時(shí)才能采用省略形式，省略時(shí)將從句的主語連同be動(dòng)詞一起省略;
如果句子主語與從句的動(dòng)詞是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，采用-ing形式;如果句子主語與從句的動(dòng)詞是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，采用-ed形式;
根據(jù)以上規(guī)則，確定以下題目的正確答案：
If ______ a hot bath before sleep, a days tiredness will soon vanish.
A.taking
B.taken
C.to take
D.you take
解題思路：由于該句主句的主語是a days tiredness，不可能發(fā)出take a hot bath的行為，故不能采用省略，答案應(yīng)為D.
在if / when / whether + it is necessary, possible, convenient, important, applicable 等結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，則省去 it is, 只保留 necessary, possible, convenient, important, applicable等，這是習(xí)慣，例如：
Take the medicine when necessary.
注意：英語中一般不能說：you are necessary / convenient / possible/ important等，例如不能說： Take this medicine when you are necessary, 或Come when you are convenient.
3)what, when, whether, how等 + to do 的省略形式，例如：
You are a college student now;you should know what to do and what not to do
The train leaves at midnight, but at present we have not decided whether to take the trip.
但是：why do, 中間不用 to 連接，例如：
Why not go and ask the teacher for help?
省略：
1)省略是為了避免重復(fù)，保持語言簡潔的一種語法手段。尤其是在口語中，省略是個(gè)普遍現(xiàn)象，例如：
I have heard of the news. So have I.
He didnt go to the concert yesterday. Neither did I.
想一下，為什么以上句子的應(yīng)答部分要采用倒裝形式?
此外，此類省略形式的要注意的一個(gè)問題是：前后時(shí)態(tài)要一致。
2)就職稱考試而言，大家要特別注意由when, while, whether, if, unless, although等引出的狀語從句中的省略現(xiàn)象，比較：
不省略：The young boy was badly injured by a motorcycle when he was crossing the street.
省略：The young boy was badly injured by a motorcycle when crossing the street.
不省略：If irrigation is not well managed, it can be harmful.
省略：If not well managed, irrigation may be harmful.
從以上兩個(gè)例子可以歸納出此類從句的省略基本規(guī)則：
只有當(dāng)主句和從句的主語相同時(shí)才能采用省略形式，省略時(shí)將從句的主語連同be動(dòng)詞一起省略;
如果句子主語與從句的動(dòng)詞是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，采用-ing形式;如果句子主語與從句的動(dòng)詞是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，采用-ed形式;
根據(jù)以上規(guī)則，確定以下題目的正確答案：
If ______ a hot bath before sleep, a days tiredness will soon vanish.
A.taking
B.taken
C.to take
D.you take
解題思路：由于該句主句的主語是a days tiredness，不可能發(fā)出take a hot bath的行為，故不能采用省略，答案應(yīng)為D.
在if / when / whether + it is necessary, possible, convenient, important, applicable 等結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，則省去 it is, 只保留 necessary, possible, convenient, important, applicable等，這是習(xí)慣，例如：
Take the medicine when necessary.
注意：英語中一般不能說：you are necessary / convenient / possible/ important等，例如不能說： Take this medicine when you are necessary, 或Come when you are convenient.
3)what, when, whether, how等 + to do 的省略形式，例如：
You are a college student now;you should know what to do and what not to do
The train leaves at midnight, but at present we have not decided whether to take the trip.
但是：why do, 中間不用 to 連接，例如：
Why not go and ask the teacher for help?
