大學(xué)英語六級強(qiáng)化班寫作筆記
前 言：
教習(xí)過好幾門課程，深感寫作這一課是最難教的，危乎高哉!寫作之難難于上青天。一夫當(dāng)關(guān)，萬夫莫開。學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)英語寫作多時，大多不能迥脫蹊徑之外，工而入逸者更是寥寥。于是我悲觀起來，認(rèn)定文不可以教而能。雖說文字和技法可以也應(yīng)當(dāng)教一些，俾學(xué)生邯鄲學(xué)步，漸次入門，但就本質(zhì)特征而論，寫作遠(yuǎn)不只是一個章法和技巧的問題，而是氣之所行，是皮相之下許多深層主觀因素的綜合，是一個厚積薄發(fā)的養(yǎng)成過程。這些主觀因素，在我看來，體現(xiàn)在國內(nèi)的英語寫作考試當(dāng)中只局限于素心爛讀的積累。Reading makes a full man.這是英國學(xué)者的傳世之言，我們的祖先說讀書破萬卷，下筆如有神。我們贊嘆一篇文章，往往是因?yàn)槲覀儽晃恼轮械恼Z言所吸引、所征服：語匯豐富、句式整齊、語言或精練或華麗，句式安排熟練自如，自然流暢;而這只能來自于 reading。但是我們已沒有那么多的時間去讀了，于是乎，語言的總結(jié)就變得極其必要!
要?dú)w納記敘文中漂亮、地道的語言是困難的，但是要?dú)w納論說文這個各種英語考試的作文類型中的語言不是不可能的。論說文是由開頭、結(jié)尾、啟轉(zhuǎn)、分析、舉例、比較等部分所組成的，其中都有些固定而漂亮的句型來表達(dá)。由于這些句型都是地道的英語，是經(jīng)過千錘百煉，且能表達(dá)論說文寫作中的不同意思，若能把以論說文為主的當(dāng)代英語essays中的這些句型摘錄歸納成類，供讀者參考，無疑是能有助于提高英語寫作的語言水平。
模仿和學(xué)用漂亮和地道的英語表達(dá)法或句型并不是可恥的事。地道的英語不應(yīng)是你用學(xué)過的詞匯和語法規(guī)則按某個意思苦苦思索造出來的，地道的英語應(yīng)是你把英美人對這個意思的習(xí)慣說法用到你自己的文章上來的。該講義收集了論說文常用的一些句型，與六級考試的一些文章結(jié)構(gòu)模式;希望同學(xué)們能以此為依據(jù)，Practice makes perfect，達(dá)到熟能生巧的境界，從而在六級考試作文部分獲得理想的分?jǐn)?shù)!
寫作原則
內(nèi)容簡單化
結(jié)構(gòu)模式化
語言要包裝
錯誤要回避
萬能理由 ：
1、方便：convenient/convenience
2、效率：efficient/efficiently/efficiency
3、節(jié)省和浪費(fèi)：save time/money/space; economical, thrift
waste time/money/space; costly, lavish
4：人的心理健康：independent, cooperative, competitive,
considerate, confident, creative, sociable,
perseverance; selfish, isolated, conservative
5、人的身體健康：health, disease, strong, strength, energetic
6、娛樂：colorful, pleasure, joy, recreation, entertainment, relax
tired, boring, lonely
7、環(huán)境：environment, pollute, poisonous, dirty
8、安全和危險(xiǎn)：safe, danger, risk
9：經(jīng)驗(yàn)：experience, social experience, enter the society
10、人際：humane, fair, unfair, help, assist, freedom, freely
基本表達(dá)：
越來越：be increasingly + adj., be on the rise, the growing number of
人們認(rèn)為：it is generally/widely believed/held/agreed that
許多問題：a host of/a number of problems
引起人們注意：claim call/attract general/public/world attention to sth.
意識到：there is a growing awareness/realization of/that, awaken sb. to the fact/danger
適應(yīng)新的形勢/變化：adapt/adjust/accommodate oneself to new environment/change
接觸各種思想/經(jīng)歷：be exposed to new ideas/experiences/problems
接觸社會：come into frequent/close contact with the world/society
獲得成功：achieve/accomplish success
提出觀點(diǎn)/建議：advance / put forward / come up with the arguments/ideas/suggestions
作出努力：make tremendous/persistent/sustained effort to do sth., take great pains to do
影響學(xué)習(xí)/工作：interfere with studies/work
產(chǎn)生影響：have/exert a profound influence on life/personality, have a dramatic/undesirable effect on
較好地駕馭生活：be a better pilot of ones life
剝奪機(jī)會/權(quán)力：deprive oneself of the chance/right/opportunity
取代就的方式：substitute for/take the place of the old way
采取措施：take effective steps/measures to
控制我們的環(huán)境：take/gain increasing control over our own environment
躲避危險(xiǎn)/挑戰(zhàn)：shy/run away from the dangers/challenge
滿足要求：meet/satisfy/accommodate the demand of
補(bǔ)償損失：compensate for/make up for the loss/damage
解釋某現(xiàn)象：account for/explain the phenomenon
對很好的了解：have a better understanding/appreciation of, have a new perspective on. provide/gain an insight into
把某因素考慮進(jìn)去：take sth. Into account, give much thought to
品位人生/自由/青春：savor the life/freedom/youth
培養(yǎng)對的信心：develop/foster ones interest/confidence in
經(jīng)歷變化/困難/艱險(xiǎn)：undergo/experience great changes/hardships/experience
表現(xiàn)出自信心等：project ones confidence/feeling/image
生活充滿不公正的地方：life is full of minor irritation/injustice
追求學(xué)習(xí)/職業(yè)：pursue ones academic interest/professional career
學(xué)習(xí)知識/技術(shù)：pursue/acquire knowledge/technology/skill
被看作學(xué)習(xí)的榜樣：be held up as a good example
交流經(jīng)驗(yàn)/知識：share experience/ideas/problems/knowledge
發(fā)揮/起到重要作用：play an role/part
逃學(xué)/缺課：skip school/a class/a meeting/a lecture
知識/經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富：rich in knowledge/experience
確立/追求目標(biāo)：set/pursue a goal/higher standard
到達(dá)目標(biāo)：achieve/accomplish/stain the goal/aim/objective
克服困難：overcome obstacles/difficulty
面臨危險(xiǎn)/困難：be confronted/faced with/in the face of danger/difficulty
阻礙了成功：stand in the way of success, be an obstacle/barrier to success/growth
阻礙了發(fā)展：hamper/impede/stunt the development of
持傳統(tǒng)的看法：hold conventional wisdom
發(fā)表看法：voice/express ones opinion
持相反/合理的觀點(diǎn)：take the opposite/fresh view
揭穿某種一貫的說法：shatter the myth of
求得幫助：enlist ones support/help
縮小差別：bridge/narrow/fill the gap/gulf
把成功/錯誤歸咎于：attribute/own the success/failure to
對重要：be indispensable/important/vital to
施加壓力：put/exert a academic pressure on
重視：assign/attach much importance/significance to
強(qiáng)調(diào)：place/put much emphasis/stress/value on
把注意力集中在：focus/concentrate ones attention/efforts/thoughts upon
提供機(jī)會/信息：provide/offer/furnish an opportunity/information for sb.
抓住機(jī)會：grab/seize/take the opportunity
得到機(jī)會：enjoy/gain access to a opportunity/information
有可能：there is possibility/likelihood that, chances/the odds are that
展開競爭：compete against/with sb. for the prize/position/control/the mastery of
開展運(yùn)動：conduct a campaign
對我很有/沒有什么意義：make much/little sense to me
帶來無窮的幸福/滿足：be a source of happiness satisfaction/contentment/pride/complaint
獻(xiàn)身于：devote/dedicate/commit oneself to a cause/career
大不兩樣：make much difference
真正重要的是：what really matters/accounts is
改變生活旅程：change/alter the course of life
建立在大量的學(xué)習(xí)/實(shí)踐上：built on tremendous amount of study/practice
進(jìn)行調(diào)查/執(zhí)行任務(wù)：conduct/carry out an study/task/experiment
辭去工作/學(xué)習(xí)：leave/quit ones job/work/school
參加考試/競賽等：enter the examination/contest, race
參加活動/討論：take part/participate/be engaged in sports/activities/discussion
影響思想/態(tài)度/事件的形成：shape ones thinking/attitude
進(jìn)入大學(xué)/社會/家庭/勞力市場/職業(yè)：enter a school/college/society/the work force/professionals
實(shí)現(xiàn)自己的理想/愿望：realize/fulfill/achieve ones dream
減輕壓力/緊張：reduce/alleviate/relieve the stress/pressure/tension
提高社會地位：enhance/improve/upgrade social status/position/standing rise to the position of leadership
提高技術(shù)/能力：sharpen ones skill/ability
加快/促進(jìn)發(fā)展：accelerate/facilitate/advance/enhance/boost the development of
隨著生活節(jié)奏的加快：with the quickening pace/rhythm/tempo of modern life/society
開闊眼界/興趣：broaden ones interest/outlook, expand ones mental horizons
有助于了解/發(fā)展/宣傳/解決：contribute much/little/greatly/to a better understanding of/the popularity of/the growth of/the solution of
有助于解決問題：go a long way to solving the problem
迷戀名利/分?jǐn)?shù)：be obsessed/preoccupied with grades/fame/fortune
把時間花/浪費(fèi)在：spend/waste time doing sth., put in hours doing sth.
利用機(jī)會/技術(shù)：make use of/take advantage of opportunity/time, tap/harness technology potential/skills/talent
把知識/經(jīng)驗(yàn)運(yùn)用到：apply/put the theory/knowledge/experience to practice/daily life/good use
取得進(jìn)步：make much progress/strides/gains in
充分發(fā)揮潛力/能力：develop ones ability/potential to the full, give full play to ones ability
充滿激情/渴望：have a burning desire/a great passion for
實(shí)例二 99年6月真題
Reading Selectively Or Extensively?
Outline: 1.有人認(rèn)為讀書要有選擇
2.有人認(rèn)為應(yīng)當(dāng)博覽群書
3.我的想法
?、?1分
When it comes to reading, some people think that reading selectively is a good way, but some other people do not agree with them, they think that reading extensively is better.
Those people, who think that reading selectively is better, believe that good books are as many as bad books. Those good books can give us pleasure and knowledge, while those bad books can only lead us to the wrong way. So, they suggest that we should only choose the good books to read and never touch the bad books.
But, the other people, who hold that reading extensively is better, think that one kind of books can only give us one aspect of knowledge. Even the best book only contains one field of information. So, they can easily come to the conclusion that to know more, to read more. So they believe that reading extensively is better.
To my point, we should choose good books to read and read good books as many as possible. By this way, we can increase the quality and quantity of reading.
②5分
I think reading not only selectively but also extensively. Because the two sides are not contradict. Our time is limited. So we can not read every book in the world. However, we will not be interested in every book. We should read those books may be useful to ours, read those books which we like. But those books which we choose must be extensively so it can give ours all kinds of knowledge, news and so on, it also make ours become a wise man. On the one hand reading selectively let ours not waste our time which it is limited. Moreover it can emphasis among all books that we can read. On the other hand reading extensively can deal with all kinds of need in our life. They are all useful to ours.
失分原因：分段太少，語法錯誤太多
③2分
Most people thought that read books should have been selective. But others believed reading extensively was correction.
Selective books or reading extensively?
Sure, you can choice one from previous ideas,
on one hand, There are too book to read for us. We should choose those which we interested, and it would be helpful for us.
On another hand. Someones interesting was wide. Each book could bring you specific contain we couldnt reading at only one level.
I confirmed all of these ideas were good but werent wise.
As a reader, the main task is to discover more and more books the second task is to held some which wonderful and helpful for us. Dont treat these books with reckless abandon.
The best technology of reading is connect.
失分原因：分段太多，語法錯誤太多
?、?4分
How should we read? Should we read selectively or extensively? Everyone has his own view.
Some people think we should read selectively. They argue that with the development of modern science and technology, more and more books are published. It is impossible for us to read all the books. Whats more, there are many bad books that are poisonous to our mind, and we shouldnt read them. Since we cant read all the books and we shouldnt read bad books, we must read selectively.
But others may not agree, they emphasize that todays society is not what it was. If one man has many kinds of knowledge, he will have more chances to succeed. If a man knows much in one field but knows nothing in other fields, he may be useless. Since we must have many kinds of knowledge, we must read extensively.
Whos right? I think both of them have something right. But I think we should read extensively first. We should read books in many fields, and read selectively in one field.
?、?分
Some people think reading shall be chosen. Because some books are good to human beings and some books are harmful to people.
Some people think that men should read books widely. Because wide reading can help man get much knowledge. And man can use it to change the world.
It is my point that reading must be selectively. Because reading is important to man. Some books can help man but some books can lead some people to crime. It can be seen in the newspapers and watched on TV. We can make full use of some good books and gain more useful knowledge. It can make our life more beautiful. We must give up those unhelpful books. They are not good to us. Reading them is wasting time and money. So reading selectively is an important part in reading.
失分原因：結(jié)構(gòu)失調(diào)，表述方式單一
典型的對比觀點(diǎn)選擇題的文章邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)：四段比較好
Paragraph I：引出將要評論的事物或者是觀點(diǎn);可以用問句開頭How should people
簡明扼要的提出人們在這個問題上的兩種不同看法。
Paragraph II：提出一種觀點(diǎn)或優(yōu)點(diǎn);
本段的支持性分論點(diǎn);
本段總結(jié)。
Paragraph III：承上啟下的過渡句;
提出另一種觀點(diǎn)或缺點(diǎn);
本段的支持性分論點(diǎn)
