大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)寫(xiě)作中詞匯量不足應(yīng)急措施1
在四六級(jí)作文中，詞匯量不足是影響成績(jī)的一個(gè)重要因素。一個(gè)意思往往因?yàn)橐粋€(gè)單詞不會(huì)而表達(dá)不清，一個(gè)好的句子也會(huì)因?yàn)橐粋€(gè)詞匯想不起來(lái)而不能完成。如何應(yīng)付這種情況使作文順利進(jìn)行下去?下面是三種簡(jiǎn)便易行的應(yīng)急措施可能對(duì)你會(huì)有所幫助。
1.試用籠統(tǒng)詞
英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言中籠統(tǒng)詞又have, take等，籠統(tǒng)詞的重要特點(diǎn)在于意義廣泛，搭配性強(qiáng)，構(gòu)成詞組后可以替代眾多具體動(dòng)詞。雖然不能精確表達(dá)一個(gè)動(dòng)作，卻能大致表達(dá)意思。在一些具體動(dòng)詞寫(xiě)不出來(lái)的時(shí)候，用這些籠統(tǒng)詞取代，也能收到異曲同工的效果。
例如：我經(jīng)歷了一個(gè)極其艱苦的時(shí)代。
I experienced a terrible hard time. 這一句中，experience被遺忘時(shí)，用have代替，成為：I had a terrible hard time. 其效果及表達(dá)的意義決不亞于第一句。這樣的例子還很多。如：
Do you understand my meaning, sir? = Do you take my meaning, sir?
I will preside over the meeting. = I will take the meeting.
I will subscribe to the local newspaper. = I will take the local newspaper.
They occupied the city. = They took the city.
The boy resembles his father. = The boy takes after his father.
從以上的例句不難看出，具體詞音節(jié)較多，使用頻率不高，容易遺忘，而籠統(tǒng)詞則不然。因此，在作文應(yīng)試中，籠統(tǒng)詞取代具體詞，不失為一種應(yīng)急良策。
2.聯(lián)想有關(guān)詞匯
當(dāng)遺忘產(chǎn)生時(shí)，或遇到未曾學(xué)過(guò)的詞時(shí)，應(yīng)采取放射性思維，發(fā)揮想象力，想出一切與之有關(guān)的單詞，利用語(yǔ)言的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系，多層次，多角度地運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言。一般情況下，聯(lián)想可按下列思路進(jìn)行：1聯(lián)想同義詞;2聯(lián)想反義詞。
英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言中眾多的同義詞在許多情況下是可以通用的。利用這一規(guī)律，由于某個(gè)單詞受阻而影響全篇寫(xiě)作的情況便不會(huì)出現(xiàn)。試看下列句子：
I had a nightmare last night. = I had a bad dream last night. Nightmare 使用頻率不太高，因此不太好記。而其同義詞bad dream 卻很容易記。以后者取代前者絲毫不影響原句的意義。再比如：I dont understand this word. 也可以說(shuō)成 I dont know this word.
另外：He is stupid. = He is foolish. = He is a fool. = He is silly.
The food is delicious. = The food is tasty. = The food is nice to eat.
They discontinued the work at five. = They stopped the work at five.
His temper is nasty. = His temper is terrible. = He has a bad temper.
英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言中詞與詞之間是有聯(lián)系的，詞與詞之間語(yǔ)義的共核現(xiàn)象即所謂的同義詞。豐富的同義詞給我們提供了極大的方便。
同樣，用其反義詞來(lái)取代某一遺忘了的詞也是可行的，請(qǐng)看下面的例子：
He is stubborn. = He is not tame.
The knife is blunt. = The knife is not sharp.
This is expensive. = This is not cheap.
She is talkative. = She is never quiet
在四六級(jí)作文中，詞匯量不足是影響成績(jī)的一個(gè)重要因素。一個(gè)意思往往因?yàn)橐粋€(gè)單詞不會(huì)而表達(dá)不清，一個(gè)好的句子也會(huì)因?yàn)橐粋€(gè)詞匯想不起來(lái)而不能完成。如何應(yīng)付這種情況使作文順利進(jìn)行下去?下面是三種簡(jiǎn)便易行的應(yīng)急措施可能對(duì)你會(huì)有所幫助。
1.試用籠統(tǒng)詞
英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言中籠統(tǒng)詞又have, take等，籠統(tǒng)詞的重要特點(diǎn)在于意義廣泛，搭配性強(qiáng)，構(gòu)成詞組后可以替代眾多具體動(dòng)詞。雖然不能精確表達(dá)一個(gè)動(dòng)作，卻能大致表達(dá)意思。在一些具體動(dòng)詞寫(xiě)不出來(lái)的時(shí)候，用這些籠統(tǒng)詞取代，也能收到異曲同工的效果。
例如：我經(jīng)歷了一個(gè)極其艱苦的時(shí)代。
I experienced a terrible hard time. 這一句中，experience被遺忘時(shí)，用have代替，成為：I had a terrible hard time. 其效果及表達(dá)的意義決不亞于第一句。這樣的例子還很多。如：
Do you understand my meaning, sir? = Do you take my meaning, sir?
I will preside over the meeting. = I will take the meeting.
I will subscribe to the local newspaper. = I will take the local newspaper.
They occupied the city. = They took the city.
The boy resembles his father. = The boy takes after his father.
從以上的例句不難看出，具體詞音節(jié)較多，使用頻率不高，容易遺忘，而籠統(tǒng)詞則不然。因此，在作文應(yīng)試中，籠統(tǒng)詞取代具體詞，不失為一種應(yīng)急良策。
2.聯(lián)想有關(guān)詞匯
當(dāng)遺忘產(chǎn)生時(shí)，或遇到未曾學(xué)過(guò)的詞時(shí)，應(yīng)采取放射性思維，發(fā)揮想象力，想出一切與之有關(guān)的單詞，利用語(yǔ)言的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系，多層次，多角度地運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言。一般情況下，聯(lián)想可按下列思路進(jìn)行：1聯(lián)想同義詞;2聯(lián)想反義詞。
英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言中眾多的同義詞在許多情況下是可以通用的。利用這一規(guī)律，由于某個(gè)單詞受阻而影響全篇寫(xiě)作的情況便不會(huì)出現(xiàn)。試看下列句子：
I had a nightmare last night. = I had a bad dream last night. Nightmare 使用頻率不太高，因此不太好記。而其同義詞bad dream 卻很容易記。以后者取代前者絲毫不影響原句的意義。再比如：I dont understand this word. 也可以說(shuō)成 I dont know this word.
另外：He is stupid. = He is foolish. = He is a fool. = He is silly.
The food is delicious. = The food is tasty. = The food is nice to eat.
They discontinued the work at five. = They stopped the work at five.
His temper is nasty. = His temper is terrible. = He has a bad temper.
英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言中詞與詞之間是有聯(lián)系的，詞與詞之間語(yǔ)義的共核現(xiàn)象即所謂的同義詞。豐富的同義詞給我們提供了極大的方便。
同樣，用其反義詞來(lái)取代某一遺忘了的詞也是可行的，請(qǐng)看下面的例子：
He is stubborn. = He is not tame.
The knife is blunt. = The knife is not sharp.
This is expensive. = This is not cheap.
She is talkative. = She is never quiet
