2023考研英語(yǔ)閱讀藥物
Pharmaceuticals
藥物
Give, and it shall be given unto you
贈(zèng)人玫瑰手有余香
Drug companies in Japan invest in curing diseasesof the poor
日本藥品公司投資為窮人治病
JAPAN s pharmaceutical firms are an inventive bunch: only the American and British drugsindustries produced more new medicines between 2005 and 2008.
日本制藥企業(yè)是充滿創(chuàng)造力的工廠，在2005到2008年中，只有美國(guó)與英國(guó)的制藥工業(yè)研發(fā)的新藥比日本多。
But their record on healing the diseases of the poor is not so good.
不過(guò)他們?cè)谥委煾F人上表現(xiàn)欠佳。
The Access to Medicine Foundation, anon-profit group, tracks drug firms efforts to serve patients in developing countries; and inits ranking of the 20 biggest ones, Japanese firms occupy four of the bottom six rungs.
非盈利組織The Access to Medicine Foundation記錄了制藥公司在救助發(fā)展中國(guó)家病人上的表現(xiàn)。在20所最大的制藥公司中，日本公司在最后6位中排名第四。
That may change. On November 8th the Global Health Innovative Technology Fundannounced its first grants, to advance treatments for malaria, tuberculosis and Chagasdisease, a potentially fatal and frequently debilitating ailment spread by ghastly,bloodsucking kissing bugs.
但這數(shù)字有可能改變：11月8號(hào)，全球健康革新科技基金宣布它的首筆用于改進(jìn)瘧疾、肺結(jié)核和錐蟲(chóng)病的治療手手段的撥款。
The fund, launched earlier this year, is a public-private partnership that includes fiveJapanese drugmakers: Astellas, Daiichi Sankyo, Eisai, Shionogi and Takeda.
這基金成立于今年早些時(shí)候，是由5家公私合營(yíng)的日本制藥企業(yè)組成的，成員為Astellas, Daiichi Sankyo,Eisai, Shionogi and Takeda。
Criticism of pharma companies for restricting low-income countries access to drugs reached ahead at the turn of the millennium, when makers of life-saving HIV treatments refused toprovide them at affordable prices to patients in Africa.
在千年之交制藥廠限制低收入國(guó)家購(gòu)買(mǎi)藥物途徑，那時(shí)HIV治療品制藥廠拒絕以合理的價(jià)格將藥品賣(mài)給非洲病人。
The resulting outrage forced the drug firms to rethink their policies.
這一行為遭到指責(zé)。而這一引起公憤的結(jié)果迫使制藥公司重新思考他們的政策。
Today most of the biggest ones tout themselves as allies in the fight against infectiousdisease.
現(xiàn)在大多數(shù)大型制藥公司作為聯(lián)盟聯(lián)合起來(lái)與傳染疾病作斗爭(zhēng)。
In some cases this means donating medicines, or licensing technology to makers of genericdrugs.
某些情況下這意味著捐藥或者下放技術(shù)給一般藥物廠。
In others it means collaborating to develop a new vaccine or treatment.
或者意味著合作開(kāi)發(fā)新疫苗和治療方式。
For example, GlaxoSmithKline, a British firm that tops the Access to Medicine Foundation sindex, will next year seek regulatory approval for a malaria vaccine.
例如GlaxoSmithKline一家英國(guó)制藥廠將會(huì)在明年尋找瘧疾疫苗的調(diào)整方法。
The Bill Melinda Gates Foundation helped to finance its development.
比爾蓋茨夫婦基金將會(huì)投資這一研發(fā)。
With the GHIT Fund, the five Japanese firms are trying a slightly different model.
這5家日本企業(yè)希望用GHIT基金來(lái)發(fā)展一個(gè)有所不同的模式。
Each will put in 1m a year for five years.
在5年中，每家公司每年會(huì)投100萬(wàn)美金。
Together with investments from the Gates Foundation and Japan s government, the fund willadd up to more than 100m.
加上來(lái)自蓋茨基金和政府投資，這一基金將會(huì)有超過(guò)1億美金的資金。
This will be doled out to partnerships between Japanese and foreign institutions.
這會(huì)少量的發(fā)放給日本和外國(guó)研究所。
For instance, researchers at Osaka University and Gulu University in Uganda will get 735,000to improve the effectiveness of another proposed malaria vaccine.
馬上，Osaka大學(xué)和烏干達(dá)Gulu大學(xué)的研究者就會(huì)獲得735,000用于提高另一種瘧疾疫苗的效率。
An important question for the fund, as with any similar endeavour, is how much the resultingnew treatments will cost.
對(duì)于這個(gè)基金來(lái)說(shuō)一個(gè)重要的問(wèn)題就是在同等努力下研發(fā)新治療方法要花多少。
GSK plans to sell its malaria vaccine at 5% above the cost of production, with proceedspumped back into research for infectious diseases.
GSK計(jì)劃以生產(chǎn)價(jià)的105%來(lái)出售他的瘧疾疫苗，作為研究傳染性疾病的后續(xù)資金。
Even so, some advocates worry it will still be too expensive.
即使這樣，一些支持者擔(dān)心定價(jià)仍有點(diǎn)高。
B.T. Slingsby, a former Eisai executive who now runs the GHIT Fund, says that drugsdeveloped in its research programmes will be licensed without royalties in the poorestcountries.
之前B.T. Slingsby Eisai的總經(jīng)理，現(xiàn)在GHIT的經(jīng)營(yíng)者說(shuō)這個(gè)項(xiàng)目研發(fā)的藥品在那些貧窮國(guó)家中被免版稅使用。
In other markets, the fund will aim more or less to break even.
在其他市場(chǎng)中該基金則希望或多或少的打破平衡。
The companies beneficence may reap long-term rewards, however.
但是公司的利益可能是長(zhǎng)期回報(bào)。
For some time they have been seeking to expand their presence beyond Japan s shores.
有時(shí)他們?cè)趯で笸緩较Ｍ约旱亩ㄎ徊粌H僅是日本企業(yè)。
In 2011 Takeda bought Nycomed, a Swiss drugmaker, for about 14 billion.
2011年Takeda以140億美金的價(jià)格買(mǎi)下了瑞士制藥廠Nycomed。
In 2008 Daiichi Sankyo spent nearly 5 billion on Ranbaxy, an Indian drugmaker that has sincebeen plagued by safety issues.
2008年Daiichi Sankyo投資近50億在Ranbaxy。這是一家因?yàn)榘踩珕?wèn)題惹上麻煩的印度制藥公司。
The GHIT Fund will be a far smaller, and less controversial, investment.
GHIT基金會(huì)成為縮小規(guī)模減少爭(zhēng)議的組織。
But it will help the firms build links with prestigious research institutions in America andEurope, and eventually introduce Japanese drug brands to patients, and health ministries, inemerging markets.
但他會(huì)幫助公司與歐美知名研究機(jī)構(gòu)建立聯(lián)系，并最終讓新興市場(chǎng)的病人和衛(wèi)生部知道日本品牌。
Aid now may lead to profit later.
然后或許就可以創(chuàng)造利益。
詞語(yǔ)解釋
1.force to 強(qiáng)迫
Rebound force to achieve increased.
實(shí)現(xiàn)反彈力的增高。
The syrian army was designed as a static force toward off an israeli attack, but it has shown itself tobe surprisingly flexible.
敘利亞軍方在應(yīng)對(duì)以色列襲擊的時(shí)候被描述成靜態(tài)部隊(duì)，但在這次它卻展示了驚人的靈活作戰(zhàn)能力。
2.add up to 等于; 意味著; 總起來(lái)說(shuō)
These points add up to free air miles or cash discounts.
這些積分最后加起來(lái)就可以折算成免費(fèi)旅程或現(xiàn)金折扣。
Monthly interest payments can add up to hundreds of dollars over the course of a year.
在一年的時(shí)間里，每月支付的利息加起來(lái)可達(dá)數(shù)百美元。
3.pump back 回抽作用
Stop staring at me like a cow! Pump him back up!
別像只母牛似的盯著我看!快救活他吧!
People there will pump me into the river and I will go back into the sea again.
人們會(huì)用泵把我抽到河流中然后我再回到大海中。
4.seek to 設(shè)法;企圖，試圖
Yet some expect him to seek to remove term limits.
可是，部分人士期望他設(shè)法廢除任期限制。
And they seek to benefit from tiny operational changes.
他們也自生產(chǎn)流程的細(xì)微變更中尋求收益。
Pharmaceuticals
藥物
Give, and it shall be given unto you
贈(zèng)人玫瑰手有余香
Drug companies in Japan invest in curing diseasesof the poor
日本藥品公司投資為窮人治病
JAPAN s pharmaceutical firms are an inventive bunch: only the American and British drugsindustries produced more new medicines between 2005 and 2008.
日本制藥企業(yè)是充滿創(chuàng)造力的工廠，在2005到2008年中，只有美國(guó)與英國(guó)的制藥工業(yè)研發(fā)的新藥比日本多。
But their record on healing the diseases of the poor is not so good.
不過(guò)他們?cè)谥委煾F人上表現(xiàn)欠佳。
The Access to Medicine Foundation, anon-profit group, tracks drug firms efforts to serve patients in developing countries; and inits ranking of the 20 biggest ones, Japanese firms occupy four of the bottom six rungs.
非盈利組織The Access to Medicine Foundation記錄了制藥公司在救助發(fā)展中國(guó)家病人上的表現(xiàn)。在20所最大的制藥公司中，日本公司在最后6位中排名第四。
That may change. On November 8th the Global Health Innovative Technology Fundannounced its first grants, to advance treatments for malaria, tuberculosis and Chagasdisease, a potentially fatal and frequently debilitating ailment spread by ghastly,bloodsucking kissing bugs.
但這數(shù)字有可能改變：11月8號(hào)，全球健康革新科技基金宣布它的首筆用于改進(jìn)瘧疾、肺結(jié)核和錐蟲(chóng)病的治療手手段的撥款。
The fund, launched earlier this year, is a public-private partnership that includes fiveJapanese drugmakers: Astellas, Daiichi Sankyo, Eisai, Shionogi and Takeda.
這基金成立于今年早些時(shí)候，是由5家公私合營(yíng)的日本制藥企業(yè)組成的，成員為Astellas, Daiichi Sankyo,Eisai, Shionogi and Takeda。
Criticism of pharma companies for restricting low-income countries access to drugs reached ahead at the turn of the millennium, when makers of life-saving HIV treatments refused toprovide them at affordable prices to patients in Africa.
在千年之交制藥廠限制低收入國(guó)家購(gòu)買(mǎi)藥物途徑，那時(shí)HIV治療品制藥廠拒絕以合理的價(jià)格將藥品賣(mài)給非洲病人。
The resulting outrage forced the drug firms to rethink their policies.
這一行為遭到指責(zé)。而這一引起公憤的結(jié)果迫使制藥公司重新思考他們的政策。
Today most of the biggest ones tout themselves as allies in the fight against infectiousdisease.
現(xiàn)在大多數(shù)大型制藥公司作為聯(lián)盟聯(lián)合起來(lái)與傳染疾病作斗爭(zhēng)。
In some cases this means donating medicines, or licensing technology to makers of genericdrugs.
某些情況下這意味著捐藥或者下放技術(shù)給一般藥物廠。
In others it means collaborating to develop a new vaccine or treatment.
或者意味著合作開(kāi)發(fā)新疫苗和治療方式。
For example, GlaxoSmithKline, a British firm that tops the Access to Medicine Foundation sindex, will next year seek regulatory approval for a malaria vaccine.
例如GlaxoSmithKline一家英國(guó)制藥廠將會(huì)在明年尋找瘧疾疫苗的調(diào)整方法。
The Bill Melinda Gates Foundation helped to finance its development.
比爾蓋茨夫婦基金將會(huì)投資這一研發(fā)。
With the GHIT Fund, the five Japanese firms are trying a slightly different model.
這5家日本企業(yè)希望用GHIT基金來(lái)發(fā)展一個(gè)有所不同的模式。
Each will put in 1m a year for five years.
在5年中，每家公司每年會(huì)投100萬(wàn)美金。
Together with investments from the Gates Foundation and Japan s government, the fund willadd up to more than 100m.
加上來(lái)自蓋茨基金和政府投資，這一基金將會(huì)有超過(guò)1億美金的資金。
This will be doled out to partnerships between Japanese and foreign institutions.
這會(huì)少量的發(fā)放給日本和外國(guó)研究所。
For instance, researchers at Osaka University and Gulu University in Uganda will get 735,000to improve the effectiveness of another proposed malaria vaccine.
馬上，Osaka大學(xué)和烏干達(dá)Gulu大學(xué)的研究者就會(huì)獲得735,000用于提高另一種瘧疾疫苗的效率。
An important question for the fund, as with any similar endeavour, is how much the resultingnew treatments will cost.
對(duì)于這個(gè)基金來(lái)說(shuō)一個(gè)重要的問(wèn)題就是在同等努力下研發(fā)新治療方法要花多少。
GSK plans to sell its malaria vaccine at 5% above the cost of production, with proceedspumped back into research for infectious diseases.
GSK計(jì)劃以生產(chǎn)價(jià)的105%來(lái)出售他的瘧疾疫苗，作為研究傳染性疾病的后續(xù)資金。
Even so, some advocates worry it will still be too expensive.
即使這樣，一些支持者擔(dān)心定價(jià)仍有點(diǎn)高。
B.T. Slingsby, a former Eisai executive who now runs the GHIT Fund, says that drugsdeveloped in its research programmes will be licensed without royalties in the poorestcountries.
之前B.T. Slingsby Eisai的總經(jīng)理，現(xiàn)在GHIT的經(jīng)營(yíng)者說(shuō)這個(gè)項(xiàng)目研發(fā)的藥品在那些貧窮國(guó)家中被免版稅使用。
In other markets, the fund will aim more or less to break even.
在其他市場(chǎng)中該基金則希望或多或少的打破平衡。
The companies beneficence may reap long-term rewards, however.
但是公司的利益可能是長(zhǎng)期回報(bào)。
For some time they have been seeking to expand their presence beyond Japan s shores.
有時(shí)他們?cè)趯で笸緩较Ｍ约旱亩ㄎ徊粌H僅是日本企業(yè)。
In 2011 Takeda bought Nycomed, a Swiss drugmaker, for about 14 billion.
2011年Takeda以140億美金的價(jià)格買(mǎi)下了瑞士制藥廠Nycomed。
In 2008 Daiichi Sankyo spent nearly 5 billion on Ranbaxy, an Indian drugmaker that has sincebeen plagued by safety issues.
2008年Daiichi Sankyo投資近50億在Ranbaxy。這是一家因?yàn)榘踩珕?wèn)題惹上麻煩的印度制藥公司。
The GHIT Fund will be a far smaller, and less controversial, investment.
GHIT基金會(huì)成為縮小規(guī)模減少爭(zhēng)議的組織。
But it will help the firms build links with prestigious research institutions in America andEurope, and eventually introduce Japanese drug brands to patients, and health ministries, inemerging markets.
但他會(huì)幫助公司與歐美知名研究機(jī)構(gòu)建立聯(lián)系，并最終讓新興市場(chǎng)的病人和衛(wèi)生部知道日本品牌。
Aid now may lead to profit later.
然后或許就可以創(chuàng)造利益。
詞語(yǔ)解釋
1.force to 強(qiáng)迫
Rebound force to achieve increased.
實(shí)現(xiàn)反彈力的增高。
The syrian army was designed as a static force toward off an israeli attack, but it has shown itself tobe surprisingly flexible.
敘利亞軍方在應(yīng)對(duì)以色列襲擊的時(shí)候被描述成靜態(tài)部隊(duì)，但在這次它卻展示了驚人的靈活作戰(zhàn)能力。
2.add up to 等于; 意味著; 總起來(lái)說(shuō)
These points add up to free air miles or cash discounts.
這些積分最后加起來(lái)就可以折算成免費(fèi)旅程或現(xiàn)金折扣。
Monthly interest payments can add up to hundreds of dollars over the course of a year.
在一年的時(shí)間里，每月支付的利息加起來(lái)可達(dá)數(shù)百美元。
3.pump back 回抽作用
Stop staring at me like a cow! Pump him back up!
別像只母牛似的盯著我看!快救活他吧!
People there will pump me into the river and I will go back into the sea again.
人們會(huì)用泵把我抽到河流中然后我再回到大海中。
4.seek to 設(shè)法;企圖，試圖
Yet some expect him to seek to remove term limits.
可是，部分人士期望他設(shè)法廢除任期限制。
And they seek to benefit from tiny operational changes.
他們也自生產(chǎn)流程的細(xì)微變更中尋求收益。
