早期的熱氣球
2023復(fù)習正是強化復(fù)習階段，在考研英語中占了40分，所以考研英語閱讀是英語科目中重要的一項。名師老師曾建議過考研生需要堅持每天泛讀10-15分鐘的英文原刊。強烈推薦了雜志《經(jīng)濟學人》.雜志中的文章也是考研英語的主要材料來源.希望考研考生認真閱讀，快速提高考研英語閱讀水平。 Early ballooning 早期的熱氣球 Shifting perspectives 轉(zhuǎn)變的觀點 Two rich tales about men, machines 兩個有關(guān)男人、機械的精彩故事 Falling Upwards: How We Took to the Air.ByRichard Holmes. 《向上降落》：我們是如何升空的 England and the Aeroplane: Militarism, Modernity and Machines.By David Edgerton 《英格蘭和飛機》：軍國主義，現(xiàn)代性和機械制造 RICHARD HOLMES, a British author and academic, is something of a Romantic, renownedfor biographies of Percy Bysshe Shelley and Samuel Taylor Coleridge. In his last book, TheAge of Wonder, which came out in 2008, he wrote about science and Romanticism and theircommon commitment to discovery. In his new book, Falling Upwards, he combines thetwo again to tell the stories of Europe s early balloonists. 理查德霍爾姆斯是英國的一位作家兼大學老師，生性有點兒浪漫，以為波比雪萊和塞繆爾泰勒柯爾律治作傳而出名。在他上一本書《奇跡年代》中，他寫了有關(guān)科學、浪漫以及它們值得探索的共同點。在新書向上降落中，他將二者再度結(jié)合，講述了歐洲早期熱氣球飛行者的故事。 Mr Holmes s love of balloons was kindled at a village fete and his enthusiasm is one of thebook s many pleasures. He refers to the euphoric tone that features in many first-handballooning narratives, and it is hard not to discern something similarly joyous in thissecond-hand account. He describes men and women wrapped up in fur coats under theirhydrogen-filled bubbles, fuelled by cold chicken and champagne and looking back to earth tosee mankind for what it really is. 霍爾姆斯先生迷上熱氣球始于一次鄉(xiāng)村節(jié)日，他的狂熱是本書眾多有意思的地方之一。書中他參考了在許多一手的熱氣球敘事中偏愛運用的歡樂的口吻，所以在他這篇二手的文章中也不難看出類似的歡樂。在他的描述中，男人和女人醉心于穿著皮毛大衣窩在充滿氫氣的泡泡中，靠生冷的雞肉和香檳來補充能量，藐看著地球上的人類，看看他們究竟是什么。 The pioneers included John Money, who took off from Norwich one day in 1785, came down20 miles from land and was rescued after five hours in the sea; and Sophie Blanchard, darlingof the French revolutionary balloonists, whose basket was a decorative silver gondolashaped like a child s cradle and who was appointed Aeronaute des Ftes Officielles by animpressed Napoleon. 熱氣球飛行事業(yè)的先驅(qū)中有約翰曼尼，他在1785年的一天從諾維奇起飛，下降到距地面20英里的位置，五小時以后在海中得以被救;還有法國革命性熱氣球駕駛員的愛人蘇菲布蘭卡德，她的熱氣球下的籃子是裝飾性的銀色貢多拉，形狀似孩童的搖籃。她還被了不起的拿破侖任命為法國官方節(jié)日的熱氣球駕駛員. Mr Holmes makes much of the esoteric side of ballooning, but the book is at its best whenexamining its more serious applications. In the American civil war, for example, both Northand South put observers in tethered balloons to scope out enemy movements. And duringthe Prussian siege of Paris in 1870-71, balloonists managed to fly out of thecity to communicate with the French government in exile in Tours. But the most thrillingtale belongs to Sweden, and Salomon Andree s doomed attempt to fly a balloon fromSpitsbergen to the North Pole in 1896. Andree s craft came down on the ice, and he and hiscompanions were unable to walk out of the wilderness. Diaries and film, found with themen s bodies over 30 years later, fill in the poignant details. 霍爾姆斯先生在書中介紹了很多熱氣球的偏門功用，但書中最大的亮點卻出現(xiàn)在描述它更正統(tǒng)應(yīng)用的地方。舉個例子，在美國南北戰(zhàn)爭時期，南北雙方均讓自己的觀察員在系留氣球上觀測敵方的動向。再有就是在1870到1871，普魯士圍攻巴黎期間，熱氣球駕駛員設(shè)法飛出城市去和法國流亡政府溝通。但是最刺激的故事發(fā)生在瑞典。1896年，所羅門安德蕾進行了命中注定的一次嘗試：從斯匹次卑爾根島乘熱氣球飛到北極。他的船身落到了冰上，他和同伴無力從荒野中走出來。30年后，他的日記和膠卷連同他的尸體才被人發(fā)現(xiàn)，日記和膠卷中記錄的滿是辛酸的細節(jié)。 Falling Upwards contains much of the historian s apparatus, such as footnotes andbibliography, but its epilogue refers modestly to what has gone before as a cluster oftrue balloon stories. It does feel a touch light on the more technical aspects of ballooning,and says little about the French Montgolfier brothers who are credited as its inventors. Thatthough seems a small price to pay for such a spirited work. 向上降落中包含許多歷史學家的寫作特質(zhì)，像腳注和參考文獻，但其后記卻適度提起了一系列真實的熱氣球故事之前所發(fā)生的事情。感覺像是更多探討了熱氣球科技層面的東西，而對于公認的熱氣球發(fā)明者法國的蒙戈菲爾兄弟卻幾乎沒提。在這本令人鼓舞的作品中，算是些許美中不足吧。 Mr Holmes s tale ends at the start of the 20th century when the business of flight was beinghanded over to the airship and the aeroplane. As David Edgerton s sure-footed essay makesclear, flying in this next age was a rather more serious affair. Aeroplanes, he notes,wereand to a considerable extent still areprimarily weapons of war, created to servenational purposes. 霍爾姆斯先生的故事結(jié)束于20世紀期初，當時正值飛行事業(yè)向飛艇和飛機轉(zhuǎn)型。大衛(wèi)艾哲頓在其確鑿的論文中明確說，飛行在下一個時代會是更加嚴肅的一件大事。他解釋說，飛機曾經(jīng)是，且以后在很大程度上也仍然是戰(zhàn)爭中最主要的武器，造飛機的主要目的在于服務(wù)國家。 By examining Britain through the lens of its aviation industry, Mr Edgerton suggests that thecountry s recent history is both more militant and more technical than many historiansclaim. British emphasis on the bomber, rather than the fighter plane, he argues, represented a technological way of warfare that accepted the killing of the enemy bymachines. It was certainly brutal: in the second world war 60,000 Britons were killed bybombing; 118,000 Germans died in Hamburg alone. 通過觀察鏡頭中英國的航空工業(yè)，埃哲頓先生表明，英國近代歷史要比很多歷史學家聲稱的更加好戰(zhàn)且科技更發(fā)達。相比于戰(zhàn)斗機，英國人更多使用轟炸機，他還說，呈現(xiàn)科技手段的戰(zhàn)爭接受機器殲敵這一事實。這確實很殘酷：二戰(zhàn)期間，有60,000英國人被轟炸致死;而德國僅漢堡一個城市就有118,000人死亡。 Like Mr Holmes s balloonists, Mr Edgerton sees Britain from an unusual perspective. Hedigs into research and development spending and the activities of long-gone governmentministries in an effort to challenge versions of history that have become fixated on Britain sdecline. In the 22 years since his book s first edition Mr Edgerton says such declinism haswanedsomething he ascribes particularly to New Labour and the birth of a cooler Britannia.He himself can also take some credit; his arguments provide sound backing for the idea thatmodern Britain is as much a warfare state as a welfare one. 和霍爾莫斯先生的熱氣球飛行者的故事一樣，艾哲頓先生也從一個不同角度來窺見英國。他深入挖掘已經(jīng)沒落的政府部門的研發(fā)開支和各種活動，以此向英國衰落歷史的既定版本質(zhì)疑。自從這本書的首版面市以來的22年里，艾哲頓先生表示，持這種衰落論觀點的人已經(jīng)越來越少他把一些原因特別歸于新工黨的出現(xiàn)和一個更冷靜的大不列顛的誕生。他自己的努力也可以算作一份功勞;他的論點聲援了一個觀點，那就是現(xiàn)代英國戰(zhàn)火雖尤平，但鮮有硝煙，人民過上了還算幸福的生活。 詞語解釋 1.commitment to 恪守承諾 The only guarantee that he won t is robb scommitment to marry frey s daughter. 弗瑞承諾可以不這么干，唯一的條件是羅伯答應(yīng)與他的女兒結(jié)婚。 So the company increased its commitment todevelopmental assignments and invented newones. 因此，公司增加了對發(fā)展性任務(wù)和新開發(fā)任務(wù)的投入。 2.combine to 結(jié)合 Proposals that the savings banks combine to start a commonly owned online bank have sofar got nowhere. 然而聯(lián)合所有儲蓄銀行開辦一間國有的網(wǎng)上銀行的提案至今仍被擱置。 The detector and arrays combine to make the icecube neutrino observatory. 探測器和陣列共同構(gòu)成了冰立方天文臺的主體部分。 3.wrap up 包裹;圓滿完成 Make sure you wrap up in the cold wind. 冷風中，你一定要穿暖。 Please wrap up this sweater for me. 請為我把這件毛衣包起來。 4.manage to 達成，設(shè)法 The rest of europe may well manage to muddle through. 而歐洲其余國家也許能很好地設(shè)法渡過此難關(guān)。 Many people wonder why google didn t manage to build successful social services. 很多人不知道為什么google沒能在社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)領(lǐng)域取得成功。
2023復(fù)習正是強化復(fù)習階段，在考研英語中占了40分，所以考研英語閱讀是英語科目中重要的一項。名師老師曾建議過考研生需要堅持每天泛讀10-15分鐘的英文原刊。強烈推薦了雜志《經(jīng)濟學人》.雜志中的文章也是考研英語的主要材料來源.希望考研考生認真閱讀，快速提高考研英語閱讀水平。 Early ballooning 早期的熱氣球 Shifting perspectives 轉(zhuǎn)變的觀點 Two rich tales about men, machines 兩個有關(guān)男人、機械的精彩故事 Falling Upwards: How We Took to the Air.ByRichard Holmes. 《向上降落》：我們是如何升空的 England and the Aeroplane: Militarism, Modernity and Machines.By David Edgerton 《英格蘭和飛機》：軍國主義，現(xiàn)代性和機械制造 RICHARD HOLMES, a British author and academic, is something of a Romantic, renownedfor biographies of Percy Bysshe Shelley and Samuel Taylor Coleridge. In his last book, TheAge of Wonder, which came out in 2008, he wrote about science and Romanticism and theircommon commitment to discovery. In his new book, Falling Upwards, he combines thetwo again to tell the stories of Europe s early balloonists. 理查德霍爾姆斯是英國的一位作家兼大學老師，生性有點兒浪漫，以為波比雪萊和塞繆爾泰勒柯爾律治作傳而出名。在他上一本書《奇跡年代》中，他寫了有關(guān)科學、浪漫以及它們值得探索的共同點。在新書向上降落中，他將二者再度結(jié)合，講述了歐洲早期熱氣球飛行者的故事。 Mr Holmes s love of balloons was kindled at a village fete and his enthusiasm is one of thebook s many pleasures. He refers to the euphoric tone that features in many first-handballooning narratives, and it is hard not to discern something similarly joyous in thissecond-hand account. He describes men and women wrapped up in fur coats under theirhydrogen-filled bubbles, fuelled by cold chicken and champagne and looking back to earth tosee mankind for what it really is. 霍爾姆斯先生迷上熱氣球始于一次鄉(xiāng)村節(jié)日，他的狂熱是本書眾多有意思的地方之一。書中他參考了在許多一手的熱氣球敘事中偏愛運用的歡樂的口吻，所以在他這篇二手的文章中也不難看出類似的歡樂。在他的描述中，男人和女人醉心于穿著皮毛大衣窩在充滿氫氣的泡泡中，靠生冷的雞肉和香檳來補充能量，藐看著地球上的人類，看看他們究竟是什么。 The pioneers included John Money, who took off from Norwich one day in 1785, came down20 miles from land and was rescued after five hours in the sea; and Sophie Blanchard, darlingof the French revolutionary balloonists, whose basket was a decorative silver gondolashaped like a child s cradle and who was appointed Aeronaute des Ftes Officielles by animpressed Napoleon. 熱氣球飛行事業(yè)的先驅(qū)中有約翰曼尼，他在1785年的一天從諾維奇起飛，下降到距地面20英里的位置，五小時以后在海中得以被救;還有法國革命性熱氣球駕駛員的愛人蘇菲布蘭卡德，她的熱氣球下的籃子是裝飾性的銀色貢多拉，形狀似孩童的搖籃。她還被了不起的拿破侖任命為法國官方節(jié)日的熱氣球駕駛員. Mr Holmes makes much of the esoteric side of ballooning, but the book is at its best whenexamining its more serious applications. In the American civil war, for example, both Northand South put observers in tethered balloons to scope out enemy movements. And duringthe Prussian siege of Paris in 1870-71, balloonists managed to fly out of thecity to communicate with the French government in exile in Tours. But the most thrillingtale belongs to Sweden, and Salomon Andree s doomed attempt to fly a balloon fromSpitsbergen to the North Pole in 1896. Andree s craft came down on the ice, and he and hiscompanions were unable to walk out of the wilderness. Diaries and film, found with themen s bodies over 30 years later, fill in the poignant details. 霍爾姆斯先生在書中介紹了很多熱氣球的偏門功用，但書中最大的亮點卻出現(xiàn)在描述它更正統(tǒng)應(yīng)用的地方。舉個例子，在美國南北戰(zhàn)爭時期，南北雙方均讓自己的觀察員在系留氣球上觀測敵方的動向。再有就是在1870到1871，普魯士圍攻巴黎期間，熱氣球駕駛員設(shè)法飛出城市去和法國流亡政府溝通。但是最刺激的故事發(fā)生在瑞典。1896年，所羅門安德蕾進行了命中注定的一次嘗試：從斯匹次卑爾根島乘熱氣球飛到北極。他的船身落到了冰上，他和同伴無力從荒野中走出來。30年后，他的日記和膠卷連同他的尸體才被人發(fā)現(xiàn)，日記和膠卷中記錄的滿是辛酸的細節(jié)。 Falling Upwards contains much of the historian s apparatus, such as footnotes andbibliography, but its epilogue refers modestly to what has gone before as a cluster oftrue balloon stories. It does feel a touch light on the more technical aspects of ballooning,and says little about the French Montgolfier brothers who are credited as its inventors. Thatthough seems a small price to pay for such a spirited work. 向上降落中包含許多歷史學家的寫作特質(zhì)，像腳注和參考文獻，但其后記卻適度提起了一系列真實的熱氣球故事之前所發(fā)生的事情。感覺像是更多探討了熱氣球科技層面的東西，而對于公認的熱氣球發(fā)明者法國的蒙戈菲爾兄弟卻幾乎沒提。在這本令人鼓舞的作品中，算是些許美中不足吧。 Mr Holmes s tale ends at the start of the 20th century when the business of flight was beinghanded over to the airship and the aeroplane. As David Edgerton s sure-footed essay makesclear, flying in this next age was a rather more serious affair. Aeroplanes, he notes,wereand to a considerable extent still areprimarily weapons of war, created to servenational purposes. 霍爾姆斯先生的故事結(jié)束于20世紀期初，當時正值飛行事業(yè)向飛艇和飛機轉(zhuǎn)型。大衛(wèi)艾哲頓在其確鑿的論文中明確說，飛行在下一個時代會是更加嚴肅的一件大事。他解釋說，飛機曾經(jīng)是，且以后在很大程度上也仍然是戰(zhàn)爭中最主要的武器，造飛機的主要目的在于服務(wù)國家。 By examining Britain through the lens of its aviation industry, Mr Edgerton suggests that thecountry s recent history is both more militant and more technical than many historiansclaim. British emphasis on the bomber, rather than the fighter plane, he argues, represented a technological way of warfare that accepted the killing of the enemy bymachines. It was certainly brutal: in the second world war 60,000 Britons were killed bybombing; 118,000 Germans died in Hamburg alone. 通過觀察鏡頭中英國的航空工業(yè)，埃哲頓先生表明，英國近代歷史要比很多歷史學家聲稱的更加好戰(zhàn)且科技更發(fā)達。相比于戰(zhàn)斗機，英國人更多使用轟炸機，他還說，呈現(xiàn)科技手段的戰(zhàn)爭接受機器殲敵這一事實。這確實很殘酷：二戰(zhàn)期間，有60,000英國人被轟炸致死;而德國僅漢堡一個城市就有118,000人死亡。 Like Mr Holmes s balloonists, Mr Edgerton sees Britain from an unusual perspective. Hedigs into research and development spending and the activities of long-gone governmentministries in an effort to challenge versions of history that have become fixated on Britain sdecline. In the 22 years since his book s first edition Mr Edgerton says such declinism haswanedsomething he ascribes particularly to New Labour and the birth of a cooler Britannia.He himself can also take some credit; his arguments provide sound backing for the idea thatmodern Britain is as much a warfare state as a welfare one. 和霍爾莫斯先生的熱氣球飛行者的故事一樣，艾哲頓先生也從一個不同角度來窺見英國。他深入挖掘已經(jīng)沒落的政府部門的研發(fā)開支和各種活動，以此向英國衰落歷史的既定版本質(zhì)疑。自從這本書的首版面市以來的22年里，艾哲頓先生表示，持這種衰落論觀點的人已經(jīng)越來越少他把一些原因特別歸于新工黨的出現(xiàn)和一個更冷靜的大不列顛的誕生。他自己的努力也可以算作一份功勞;他的論點聲援了一個觀點，那就是現(xiàn)代英國戰(zhàn)火雖尤平，但鮮有硝煙，人民過上了還算幸福的生活。 詞語解釋 1.commitment to 恪守承諾 The only guarantee that he won t is robb scommitment to marry frey s daughter. 弗瑞承諾可以不這么干，唯一的條件是羅伯答應(yīng)與他的女兒結(jié)婚。 So the company increased its commitment todevelopmental assignments and invented newones. 因此，公司增加了對發(fā)展性任務(wù)和新開發(fā)任務(wù)的投入。 2.combine to 結(jié)合 Proposals that the savings banks combine to start a commonly owned online bank have sofar got nowhere. 然而聯(lián)合所有儲蓄銀行開辦一間國有的網(wǎng)上銀行的提案至今仍被擱置。 The detector and arrays combine to make the icecube neutrino observatory. 探測器和陣列共同構(gòu)成了冰立方天文臺的主體部分。 3.wrap up 包裹;圓滿完成 Make sure you wrap up in the cold wind. 冷風中，你一定要穿暖。 Please wrap up this sweater for me. 請為我把這件毛衣包起來。 4.manage to 達成，設(shè)法 The rest of europe may well manage to muddle through. 而歐洲其余國家也許能很好地設(shè)法渡過此難關(guān)。 Many people wonder why google didn t manage to build successful social services. 很多人不知道為什么google沒能在社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)領(lǐng)域取得成功。
