考研英語真題材料100篇連載79
Tattoos in the workplace 紋身與工作 Ink blots 污點般的紋身 Body art is growing more popular, though few employers are keen 人體藝術(shù)越來越流行，盡管很少有招聘方喜歡 IN THE North Star tattoo parlour in downtown Manhattan, Brittany shows off her ink: a Banksy-inspired tableau covering both feet. Now a student at New York University, she hopes to be a lawyer one day. That s why I got the tattoo on my feet, she says. It s easy to hide. 在位于曼哈頓市區(qū)的北極星紋身店，Brittany炫耀她雙腳上以Banksy為靈感創(chuàng)作的紋身。她現(xiàn)為紐約大學的一名學生，她希望有朝一日成為一名律師。她說：這就是為什么我把紋身紋在腳上，因為這樣比較容易隱藏。 Once the preserve of prisoners, sailors and circus freaks, tattoos have become a benign rite of passage for many Americans. One in five adults has one, and two in five thirty-somethings. These days women with tattoos outnumber men. But what happens when these people look for work? Alas, not everyone is as savvy as Brittany. 曾經(jīng)是囚犯、水手和馬戲團小丑專屬的紋身，現(xiàn)如今已經(jīng)變成許多美國人通過的良性儀式。每五個成年人就有一個人有紋身，三十多歲的年輕中則是每五人中有兩個。女性紋身的人數(shù)已超過了男性。但這些人找工作的時候會怎么樣?恩不是每個人都像Brittany一樣精明的。 Though increasingly mainstream, tattoos still signal a certain rebelliousness that works against jobseekers, says Andrew Timming of the University of St Andrews in Scotland. In a forthcoming study, Mr Timming and colleagues asked participants to assess job candidates based on their pictures, some of which were altered to add a neck tattoo. Inked candidates consistently ranked lower, despite being equally qualified. In a separate study Mr Timming found that many service-sector managers were squeamish about conspicuous ink, particularly when filling jobs that involve dealing with customers. 圣安德魯大學的Timming說，盡管紋身越來越主流，但仍舊是叛逆的標志，是求職者的敵人。在一項即將發(fā)表的研究中，Timming和他的同事要求參與者根據(jù)照片評估應(yīng)聘者，其中一些照片上在脖子的位置添加了紋身。盡管自身條件相同，但有紋身的應(yīng)聘者一直排名較低。在另一項研究中，Timming發(fā)現(xiàn)，許多服務(wù)部門管理者對明顯的紋身接受不能，特別是在招聘需要與客戶打交道的職位時尤甚。 Designs of flowers or butterflies were deemed comparatively acceptable. And some workplaces are more open-minded: a prison-services manager explained that having tattoos made it easier to bond with inmates. Firms with a younger clientele are also more tattoo-friendly. But by and large the more visible the tattoo, the more unsavoury a candidate seemedeven if the boss had one. 相對來說，花或者蝴蝶的紋身設(shè)計是可以接受的。一些工作場所更加開放，監(jiān)獄管理者解釋說，他的紋身使他更容易與囚犯建立聯(lián)系。面向年輕顧客的公司對紋身接受度也更高。即使老板自己有紋身，但總體而言，紋身越明顯，應(yīng)聘者越是不討喜。 Such prejudice may seem anachronistic, but it is not unfounded. Empirical studies have long linked tattoos with deviant behaviour. People with inked skin are more likely to carry weapons, use illegal drugs and get arrested. The association is stronger for bigger tattoos, or when there are several, says Jerome Koch, a sociologist at Texas Tech University. 這種偏見似乎有些落伍，但并非沒有根據(jù)。實證研究長期將紋身與異常行為聯(lián)系在一起。有紋身的人更有可能攜帶槍支，使用非法藥物，或者被逮捕。德州理工大學一名為Jerome Koch的社會學家表示，紋身越大或者有好幾個時，這種聯(lián)系越強。 This may help explain the army s recent decision to reinstate old grooming standards. These restrict the size and number of tattoos, ban ink from the neck, head and hands, and bar body art that might be seen as racist, sexist or otherwise inappropriate. The change is intended to promote discipline and professionalism. But it is making it harder to recruit to the army, says Major Tyler Stewart, who handles recruitment in Arizona. His battalion is turning away 50 tattooed people a week. 這有助于解釋近來軍隊恢復(fù)舊儀容標準的決定。標準限制了紋身的大小和數(shù)量，禁止脖子、頭和手上的紋身，以及可能被視為種族歧視、性別歧視或其他不好方面的人體藝術(shù)。標準的改變旨在加強紀律和職業(yè)精神。負責亞利桑那州招兵工作的Major Tyler Stewart表示，新標準這使得招兵更難了。他所在的營一周里清退了50名有紋身的士兵。 Some aspiring soldiers and other jobseekers are solving the problem by getting their ink removed. Tattoo-removal has surged 440% in the past decade, according to IBISWorld, a market-research firm. At the North Star, where Brittany s friend is getting a question-mark inked on her wrist, the prospect of such buyer s remorse seems remote. I don t think it will help her job prospects, observes Brittany, but hopefully it won t hurt, either. 一些有抱負的士兵和求職者通過洗掉紋身來解決問題。根據(jù)一名為IBISWorld的市場調(diào)研公司的調(diào)查顯示，在過去十年中，洗紋身服務(wù)增長了440%。在北極星，Brittany的朋友正在它手腕上紋問題標記，對紋身的后悔似乎離她還很遙遠。Brittany觀察著說，我認為紋身不會對她的工作產(chǎn)生幫助，但希望紋身也不會毀掉她的工作。
Tattoos in the workplace 紋身與工作 Ink blots 污點般的紋身 Body art is growing more popular, though few employers are keen 人體藝術(shù)越來越流行，盡管很少有招聘方喜歡 IN THE North Star tattoo parlour in downtown Manhattan, Brittany shows off her ink: a Banksy-inspired tableau covering both feet. Now a student at New York University, she hopes to be a lawyer one day. That s why I got the tattoo on my feet, she says. It s easy to hide. 在位于曼哈頓市區(qū)的北極星紋身店，Brittany炫耀她雙腳上以Banksy為靈感創(chuàng)作的紋身。她現(xiàn)為紐約大學的一名學生，她希望有朝一日成為一名律師。她說：這就是為什么我把紋身紋在腳上，因為這樣比較容易隱藏。 Once the preserve of prisoners, sailors and circus freaks, tattoos have become a benign rite of passage for many Americans. One in five adults has one, and two in five thirty-somethings. These days women with tattoos outnumber men. But what happens when these people look for work? Alas, not everyone is as savvy as Brittany. 曾經(jīng)是囚犯、水手和馬戲團小丑專屬的紋身，現(xiàn)如今已經(jīng)變成許多美國人通過的良性儀式。每五個成年人就有一個人有紋身，三十多歲的年輕中則是每五人中有兩個。女性紋身的人數(shù)已超過了男性。但這些人找工作的時候會怎么樣?恩不是每個人都像Brittany一樣精明的。 Though increasingly mainstream, tattoos still signal a certain rebelliousness that works against jobseekers, says Andrew Timming of the University of St Andrews in Scotland. In a forthcoming study, Mr Timming and colleagues asked participants to assess job candidates based on their pictures, some of which were altered to add a neck tattoo. Inked candidates consistently ranked lower, despite being equally qualified. In a separate study Mr Timming found that many service-sector managers were squeamish about conspicuous ink, particularly when filling jobs that involve dealing with customers. 圣安德魯大學的Timming說，盡管紋身越來越主流，但仍舊是叛逆的標志，是求職者的敵人。在一項即將發(fā)表的研究中，Timming和他的同事要求參與者根據(jù)照片評估應(yīng)聘者，其中一些照片上在脖子的位置添加了紋身。盡管自身條件相同，但有紋身的應(yīng)聘者一直排名較低。在另一項研究中，Timming發(fā)現(xiàn)，許多服務(wù)部門管理者對明顯的紋身接受不能，特別是在招聘需要與客戶打交道的職位時尤甚。 Designs of flowers or butterflies were deemed comparatively acceptable. And some workplaces are more open-minded: a prison-services manager explained that having tattoos made it easier to bond with inmates. Firms with a younger clientele are also more tattoo-friendly. But by and large the more visible the tattoo, the more unsavoury a candidate seemedeven if the boss had one. 相對來說，花或者蝴蝶的紋身設(shè)計是可以接受的。一些工作場所更加開放，監(jiān)獄管理者解釋說，他的紋身使他更容易與囚犯建立聯(lián)系。面向年輕顧客的公司對紋身接受度也更高。即使老板自己有紋身，但總體而言，紋身越明顯，應(yīng)聘者越是不討喜。 Such prejudice may seem anachronistic, but it is not unfounded. Empirical studies have long linked tattoos with deviant behaviour. People with inked skin are more likely to carry weapons, use illegal drugs and get arrested. The association is stronger for bigger tattoos, or when there are several, says Jerome Koch, a sociologist at Texas Tech University. 這種偏見似乎有些落伍，但并非沒有根據(jù)。實證研究長期將紋身與異常行為聯(lián)系在一起。有紋身的人更有可能攜帶槍支，使用非法藥物，或者被逮捕。德州理工大學一名為Jerome Koch的社會學家表示，紋身越大或者有好幾個時，這種聯(lián)系越強。 This may help explain the army s recent decision to reinstate old grooming standards. These restrict the size and number of tattoos, ban ink from the neck, head and hands, and bar body art that might be seen as racist, sexist or otherwise inappropriate. The change is intended to promote discipline and professionalism. But it is making it harder to recruit to the army, says Major Tyler Stewart, who handles recruitment in Arizona. His battalion is turning away 50 tattooed people a week. 這有助于解釋近來軍隊恢復(fù)舊儀容標準的決定。標準限制了紋身的大小和數(shù)量，禁止脖子、頭和手上的紋身，以及可能被視為種族歧視、性別歧視或其他不好方面的人體藝術(shù)。標準的改變旨在加強紀律和職業(yè)精神。負責亞利桑那州招兵工作的Major Tyler Stewart表示，新標準這使得招兵更難了。他所在的營一周里清退了50名有紋身的士兵。 Some aspiring soldiers and other jobseekers are solving the problem by getting their ink removed. Tattoo-removal has surged 440% in the past decade, according to IBISWorld, a market-research firm. At the North Star, where Brittany s friend is getting a question-mark inked on her wrist, the prospect of such buyer s remorse seems remote. I don t think it will help her job prospects, observes Brittany, but hopefully it won t hurt, either. 一些有抱負的士兵和求職者通過洗掉紋身來解決問題。根據(jù)一名為IBISWorld的市場調(diào)研公司的調(diào)查顯示，在過去十年中，洗紋身服務(wù)增長了440%。在北極星，Brittany的朋友正在它手腕上紋問題標記，對紋身的后悔似乎離她還很遙遠。Brittany觀察著說，我認為紋身不會對她的工作產(chǎn)生幫助，但希望紋身也不會毀掉她的工作。
