2023年考研英語閱讀的經(jīng)典試題及答案
[文學(xué)類]
題目序號
題型歸類
第1題
中心主旨題型
第2題
審題定位與反推題型
第3題
全文歸納推導(dǎo)題型
第4題
寫作手法題型
第5題
例(舉)證題型
Roger Rosenblatts book Black Fiction, in attempting to apply literary rather thansociopolitical criteria to its subject, successfully alters the approach takenby most previous studies. As Rosenblatt notes, criticism of Black writing hasoften served as a pretext for expounding on Black history. Addison Gayles recent work, for example, judgesthe value of Black fiction by overtly political standards, rating each workaccording to the notions of Black identity which it propounds.
Although fiction assuredly springs from political circumstances, itsauthors react to those circumstances in ways other than ideological, andtalking about novels and stories primarily as instruments of ideologycircumvents much of the fictional enterprise. Rosenblatts literary analysis disclosesaffinities and connections among works of Black fiction which solely politicalstudies have overlooked or ignored.
Writing acceptable criticism of Black fiction, however, presupposesgiving satisfactory answers to a number of questions. First of all, is there asufficient reason, other than the facial identity of the authors, to grouptogether works by Black authors? Second, how does Black fiction make itselfdistinct from other modern fiction with which it is largely contemporaneous?Rosenblatt shows that Black fiction constitutes a distinct body of writing thathas an identifiable, coherent literary tradition. Looking at novels written byBlack over the last eighty years, he discovers recurring concerns and designsindependent of chronology. These structures are thematic, and they spring, notsurprisingly, from the central fact that the Black characters in these novelsexist in a predominantly white culture, whether they try to conform to thatculture or rebel against it.
Black Fiction does leave some aesthetic questions open. Rosenblatts thematic analysis permitsconsiderable objectivity; he even explicitly states that it is not hisintention to judge the merit of the various works yet his reluctance seemsmisplaced, especially since an attempt to appraise might have led tointeresting results. For instance, some of the novels appear to be structurallydiffuse. Is this a defect, or are the authors working out of, or trying toforge, a different kind of aesthetic? In addition, the style of some Blacknovels, like Jean Toomers Cane, verges on expressionism or surrealism; does this techniqueprovide a counterpoint to the prevalent theme that portrays the fate againstwhich Black heroes are pitted, a theme usually conveyed by more naturalisticmodes of expression?
In spite of such omissions, what Rosenblatt does include in hisdiscussion makes for an astute and worthwhile study. Black Fiction surveys awide variety of novels, bringing to our attention in the process somefascinating and little-known works like James Weldon Johnsons Autobiography of an Ex-ColoredMan. Its argument is tightly constructed, and its forthright, lucid styleexemplifies levelheaded and penetrating criticism.
1. The author of the text is primarily concerned with
[A] evaluating the soundness of a work of criticism.
[B] comparing various critical approaches to a subject.
[C] discussing the limitations of a particular kind of criticism.
[D] summarizing the major points made in a work of criticism.
2. The author of the text believes that Black Fiction would have beenimproved had Rosenblatt
[A] evaluated more carefully the ideological and historical aspects ofBlack fiction.
[B] attempted to be more objective in his approach to novels and stories byBlack authors.
[C] explored in greater detail the recurrent thematic concerns of Blackfiction throughout its history.
[D] assessed the relative literary merit of the novels he analyzesthematically.
3. The authors discussion of Black Fiction can be best described as
[A] pedantic and contentious.
[B] critical but admiring.
[C] ironic and deprecating.
[D] argumentative but unfocused.
4. The author of the text employs all of the following in the discussionof Rosenblatts book EXCEPT:
[A] rhetorical questions.
[B] specific examples.
[C] comparison and contrast.
[D] definition of terms.
5. The author of the text refers to James Weldon Johnsons Autobiography of an ExColoredMan most probably in order to
[A] point out affinities between Rosenblatts method of thematic analysis andearlier criticism.
[B] clarify the point about expressionistic style made earlier in thepassage.
[C] qualify the assessment of Rosenblatts book made in the first paragraphof the passage.
[D] give a specific example of one of the accomplishments of Rosenblatts work.
[答案與考點解析]
1. 【答案】A
【考點解析】這是一道中心主旨題。通過閱讀本文各段尤其是首段第一句和尾段第一句，我們可以推斷出本題的正確選項應(yīng)該是突出evaluating一詞的選項A?？忌诮忸}時一定要注意段落的中心主旨句，以及每句話所表達的內(nèi)含和作用。
2. 【答案】D
【考點解析】這是一道審題定位與反推題。從本題題干中的would have been improved可推斷出考生要在原文中尋找到談?wù)撃骋环矫娌蛔愕牡胤?。尾段首句的such omissions暗示本題的答案信息來源應(yīng)該在倒數(shù)第二段。通過仔細閱讀和理解倒數(shù)第二段，可將本題的答案信息來源確定在倒數(shù)第二段的第二句。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第二句的內(nèi)容進行反推，就可得出本題的正確選項是D?？忌诮忸}時一定要具備利用上下段之間的關(guān)系迅速審題定位的能力，更要具備反推即逆向思維的能力。
3. 【答案】B
【考點解析】這是一道歸納推導(dǎo)題。從本題的題干可以看出本題的答案信息來源不局限于某一段或某一句，而是涉及全文的從頭至尾。但是只要抓住全文的中心主旨句就可以得出本題的正確答案B。本文的中心主旨句是第一段的首句和尾段的首句?？忌诮忸}時一定要抓住中心主旨句，并且對它們所表達的內(nèi)容要進行分析和歸納。
4. 【答案】D
【考點解析】這是一道寫作手法題型。本題型旨在考察考生的語言基本功。這是一道較難的題目。本題A、B、C所涉及的內(nèi)容可分別在第三段的第二、三句、第四段的第三句以及第一段的第三句里找到。第一段的第三句涉及B和C兩個選項。選項Ddefinition of terms在原文中沒有涉及，故本選項是正確答案?？忌诮忸}時一定要注意英文中常見的寫作手段。
5. 【答案】D
【考點解析】這是一道例證題。通過題干中的Weldon Johnsons Autobiography of an ExColored Man可將本題的答案信息來源迅速確定在尾段的第二句，本句中的like一詞暗示本題的正確選項應(yīng)該是含有specific example的選項D?？忌诮忸}時一定要注意原文中某些關(guān)鍵詞的應(yīng)用和理解。
[參考譯文]
羅杰羅森布萊特的著作《黑人小說》，試圖運用文學(xué)的而不是社會政治的標準來研究黑人小說，這成功地改變了大多數(shù)早先研究的方法。如羅森布萊特所注意到的，黑人著作的評論經(jīng)常被充當(dāng)為一種闡述黑人歷史的借口。例如，阿狄森蓋爾的最新著作，就用了公開的政治標準來判定黑人小說的價值，按照作品中所提出的黑人個體的各觀念對每個作品進行評價。
雖然小說確實是源于政治環(huán)境，但作者反映這些環(huán)境的方法是非意識形態(tài)的，如把小說和故事的討論作為意識形態(tài)的工具，則會忽視了許多小說的成就。羅森布萊特對黑人文學(xué)的分析揭示了黑人小說著作間的密切關(guān)系和聯(lián)系，而純粹政治研究中忽視了這些聯(lián)系。
然而寫出為人所接受的黑人小說評論的前提是要對許多問題做出令人滿意的回答。首先，除了這些作家的種族身份外，是否有充分的理由可將黑人作家的作品歸于一類?其次，黑人小說如何將自己和其他現(xiàn)代小說分開?它們大半屬于同一時代的作品。羅森布萊特的研究闡明了黑人小說已構(gòu)成了一個與眾不同的作品群體，它們具有可識別的、連貫的文學(xué)傳統(tǒng)。著眼于最近八十年黑人創(chuàng)作的小說，羅森布萊特揭示了小說中與時代無關(guān)而反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的側(cè)重點和布局。這些結(jié)構(gòu)與主題相關(guān)，并不讓人感到驚奇的是，它們源于這樣一個中心事實，即小說中的黑人生存在一個白人文化支配的環(huán)境中，不管他們試圖迎合這一文化還是反叛這一文化。
《黑人小說》確實對一些美學(xué)的問題沒有給予回答，羅森布萊特的主題分析允許相當(dāng)?shù)目陀^性;他甚至直言，對各個作品的優(yōu)劣判定不是他工作的意圖然而他的猶豫看起來是不合時宜的，尤其是因為嘗試評定可能會導(dǎo)致一些有趣的結(jié)果。例如，一些小說所顯示的結(jié)構(gòu)散漫冗長。這是否是一個缺陷，或者是作者這樣做是出于一種美學(xué)考慮，還是作者試圖創(chuàng)造一種不同類的美學(xué)?另外，象金圖莫的《手杖》那樣的黑人小說風(fēng)格，近于表現(xiàn)主義和超現(xiàn)實主義;難道這個技巧只是用更自然主義的表現(xiàn)方式為表達流行的黑人英勇反抗命運的主題提供一個對應(yīng)物嗎?
盡管存在這些遺漏，羅森布萊特所做的包括他的討論，已包括了足以構(gòu)成精明而有價值的研究內(nèi)容?！逗谌诵≌f》考察了廣泛的小說，在此過程中我們的注意力被吸引到一些引人入勝但鮮為人知的作品上，如詹姆士威爾頓約翰遜的《一個曾是有色人的自傳》。這本書的主題結(jié)構(gòu)緊密，直率、明晰的風(fēng)格例示了一種冷靜而敏銳的文學(xué)評論。
[文學(xué)類]
題目序號
題型歸類
第1題
中心主旨題型
第2題
審題定位與反推題型
第3題
全文歸納推導(dǎo)題型
第4題
寫作手法題型
第5題
例(舉)證題型
Roger Rosenblatts book Black Fiction, in attempting to apply literary rather thansociopolitical criteria to its subject, successfully alters the approach takenby most previous studies. As Rosenblatt notes, criticism of Black writing hasoften served as a pretext for expounding on Black history. Addison Gayles recent work, for example, judgesthe value of Black fiction by overtly political standards, rating each workaccording to the notions of Black identity which it propounds.
Although fiction assuredly springs from political circumstances, itsauthors react to those circumstances in ways other than ideological, andtalking about novels and stories primarily as instruments of ideologycircumvents much of the fictional enterprise. Rosenblatts literary analysis disclosesaffinities and connections among works of Black fiction which solely politicalstudies have overlooked or ignored.
Writing acceptable criticism of Black fiction, however, presupposesgiving satisfactory answers to a number of questions. First of all, is there asufficient reason, other than the facial identity of the authors, to grouptogether works by Black authors? Second, how does Black fiction make itselfdistinct from other modern fiction with which it is largely contemporaneous?Rosenblatt shows that Black fiction constitutes a distinct body of writing thathas an identifiable, coherent literary tradition. Looking at novels written byBlack over the last eighty years, he discovers recurring concerns and designsindependent of chronology. These structures are thematic, and they spring, notsurprisingly, from the central fact that the Black characters in these novelsexist in a predominantly white culture, whether they try to conform to thatculture or rebel against it.
Black Fiction does leave some aesthetic questions open. Rosenblatts thematic analysis permitsconsiderable objectivity; he even explicitly states that it is not hisintention to judge the merit of the various works yet his reluctance seemsmisplaced, especially since an attempt to appraise might have led tointeresting results. For instance, some of the novels appear to be structurallydiffuse. Is this a defect, or are the authors working out of, or trying toforge, a different kind of aesthetic? In addition, the style of some Blacknovels, like Jean Toomers Cane, verges on expressionism or surrealism; does this techniqueprovide a counterpoint to the prevalent theme that portrays the fate againstwhich Black heroes are pitted, a theme usually conveyed by more naturalisticmodes of expression?
In spite of such omissions, what Rosenblatt does include in hisdiscussion makes for an astute and worthwhile study. Black Fiction surveys awide variety of novels, bringing to our attention in the process somefascinating and little-known works like James Weldon Johnsons Autobiography of an Ex-ColoredMan. Its argument is tightly constructed, and its forthright, lucid styleexemplifies levelheaded and penetrating criticism.
1. The author of the text is primarily concerned with
[A] evaluating the soundness of a work of criticism.
[B] comparing various critical approaches to a subject.
[C] discussing the limitations of a particular kind of criticism.
[D] summarizing the major points made in a work of criticism.
2. The author of the text believes that Black Fiction would have beenimproved had Rosenblatt
[A] evaluated more carefully the ideological and historical aspects ofBlack fiction.
[B] attempted to be more objective in his approach to novels and stories byBlack authors.
[C] explored in greater detail the recurrent thematic concerns of Blackfiction throughout its history.
[D] assessed the relative literary merit of the novels he analyzesthematically.
3. The authors discussion of Black Fiction can be best described as
[A] pedantic and contentious.
[B] critical but admiring.
[C] ironic and deprecating.
[D] argumentative but unfocused.
4. The author of the text employs all of the following in the discussionof Rosenblatts book EXCEPT:
[A] rhetorical questions.
[B] specific examples.
[C] comparison and contrast.
[D] definition of terms.
5. The author of the text refers to James Weldon Johnsons Autobiography of an ExColoredMan most probably in order to
[A] point out affinities between Rosenblatts method of thematic analysis andearlier criticism.
[B] clarify the point about expressionistic style made earlier in thepassage.
[C] qualify the assessment of Rosenblatts book made in the first paragraphof the passage.
[D] give a specific example of one of the accomplishments of Rosenblatts work.
[答案與考點解析]
1. 【答案】A
【考點解析】這是一道中心主旨題。通過閱讀本文各段尤其是首段第一句和尾段第一句，我們可以推斷出本題的正確選項應(yīng)該是突出evaluating一詞的選項A?？忌诮忸}時一定要注意段落的中心主旨句，以及每句話所表達的內(nèi)含和作用。
2. 【答案】D
【考點解析】這是一道審題定位與反推題。從本題題干中的would have been improved可推斷出考生要在原文中尋找到談?wù)撃骋环矫娌蛔愕牡胤健Ｎ捕问拙涞膕uch omissions暗示本題的答案信息來源應(yīng)該在倒數(shù)第二段。通過仔細閱讀和理解倒數(shù)第二段，可將本題的答案信息來源確定在倒數(shù)第二段的第二句。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第二句的內(nèi)容進行反推，就可得出本題的正確選項是D。考生在解題時一定要具備利用上下段之間的關(guān)系迅速審題定位的能力，更要具備反推即逆向思維的能力。
3. 【答案】B
【考點解析】這是一道歸納推導(dǎo)題。從本題的題干可以看出本題的答案信息來源不局限于某一段或某一句，而是涉及全文的從頭至尾。但是只要抓住全文的中心主旨句就可以得出本題的正確答案B。本文的中心主旨句是第一段的首句和尾段的首句?？忌诮忸}時一定要抓住中心主旨句，并且對它們所表達的內(nèi)容要進行分析和歸納。
4. 【答案】D
【考點解析】這是一道寫作手法題型。本題型旨在考察考生的語言基本功。這是一道較難的題目。本題A、B、C所涉及的內(nèi)容可分別在第三段的第二、三句、第四段的第三句以及第一段的第三句里找到。第一段的第三句涉及B和C兩個選項。選項Ddefinition of terms在原文中沒有涉及，故本選項是正確答案。考生在解題時一定要注意英文中常見的寫作手段。
5. 【答案】D
【考點解析】這是一道例證題。通過題干中的Weldon Johnsons Autobiography of an ExColored Man可將本題的答案信息來源迅速確定在尾段的第二句，本句中的like一詞暗示本題的正確選項應(yīng)該是含有specific example的選項D?？忌诮忸}時一定要注意原文中某些關(guān)鍵詞的應(yīng)用和理解。
[參考譯文]
羅杰羅森布萊特的著作《黑人小說》，試圖運用文學(xué)的而不是社會政治的標準來研究黑人小說，這成功地改變了大多數(shù)早先研究的方法。如羅森布萊特所注意到的，黑人著作的評論經(jīng)常被充當(dāng)為一種闡述黑人歷史的借口。例如，阿狄森蓋爾的最新著作，就用了公開的政治標準來判定黑人小說的價值，按照作品中所提出的黑人個體的各觀念對每個作品進行評價。
雖然小說確實是源于政治環(huán)境，但作者反映這些環(huán)境的方法是非意識形態(tài)的，如把小說和故事的討論作為意識形態(tài)的工具，則會忽視了許多小說的成就。羅森布萊特對黑人文學(xué)的分析揭示了黑人小說著作間的密切關(guān)系和聯(lián)系，而純粹政治研究中忽視了這些聯(lián)系。
然而寫出為人所接受的黑人小說評論的前提是要對許多問題做出令人滿意的回答。首先，除了這些作家的種族身份外，是否有充分的理由可將黑人作家的作品歸于一類?其次，黑人小說如何將自己和其他現(xiàn)代小說分開?它們大半屬于同一時代的作品。羅森布萊特的研究闡明了黑人小說已構(gòu)成了一個與眾不同的作品群體，它們具有可識別的、連貫的文學(xué)傳統(tǒng)。著眼于最近八十年黑人創(chuàng)作的小說，羅森布萊特揭示了小說中與時代無關(guān)而反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的側(cè)重點和布局。這些結(jié)構(gòu)與主題相關(guān)，并不讓人感到驚奇的是，它們源于這樣一個中心事實，即小說中的黑人生存在一個白人文化支配的環(huán)境中，不管他們試圖迎合這一文化還是反叛這一文化。
《黑人小說》確實對一些美學(xué)的問題沒有給予回答，羅森布萊特的主題分析允許相當(dāng)?shù)目陀^性;他甚至直言，對各個作品的優(yōu)劣判定不是他工作的意圖然而他的猶豫看起來是不合時宜的，尤其是因為嘗試評定可能會導(dǎo)致一些有趣的結(jié)果。例如，一些小說所顯示的結(jié)構(gòu)散漫冗長。這是否是一個缺陷，或者是作者這樣做是出于一種美學(xué)考慮，還是作者試圖創(chuàng)造一種不同類的美學(xué)?另外，象金圖莫的《手杖》那樣的黑人小說風(fēng)格，近于表現(xiàn)主義和超現(xiàn)實主義;難道這個技巧只是用更自然主義的表現(xiàn)方式為表達流行的黑人英勇反抗命運的主題提供一個對應(yīng)物嗎?
盡管存在這些遺漏，羅森布萊特所做的包括他的討論，已包括了足以構(gòu)成精明而有價值的研究內(nèi)容?！逗谌诵≌f》考察了廣泛的小說，在此過程中我們的注意力被吸引到一些引人入勝但鮮為人知的作品上，如詹姆士威爾頓約翰遜的《一個曾是有色人的自傳》。這本書的主題結(jié)構(gòu)緊密，直率、明晰的風(fēng)格例示了一種冷靜而敏銳的文學(xué)評論。
