經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)是女人支撐了全球經(jīng)濟(jì)

由雕龍文庫 分享時(shí)間：2024-02-29 02:26:04 收藏本文

What are the most effective tools for creating economic growth? It’s a question that drives and plagues government officials and researchers alike, as an endless quest for increased growth dictates policies that touch all of our lives. From tax reform to trade policy, decisions on immigration, infrastructure and education, growth is what lies beneath it all.

什么是拉動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長最有效的方法？正是這個(gè)問題讓那些政府官員，學(xué)者們上下求索，苦心尋覓。對經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的永恒追求決定著政府政策，而政策與我們每個(gè)人的生活都息息相關(guān)。從稅制改革到貿(mào)易政策，從移民管控到基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)、教育制度，在底層起決定性作用的都是經(jīng)濟(jì)增長。

But there is another powerful driver of economic growth that has long gone largely unrecognized: women’s economic empowerment. Commonly framed as a human rights or social issue, the conversation around women in the global workforce is now shifting towards the potentially explosive financial impact that increased gender equality could bring to both developed and emerging economies.

但是還有一種強(qiáng)大的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長引擎，長期以來一直被大多數(shù)人忽視：女性推動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的力量。女權(quán)主義的發(fā)展過去一直被認(rèn)為是人權(quán)問題或社會(huì)問題，如今人們的關(guān)注點(diǎn)越來越轉(zhuǎn)向世界勞動(dòng)力市場中女性所具有的促成經(jīng)濟(jì)爆發(fā)式增長的影響力，無論是對發(fā)達(dá)國家還是發(fā)展中國家。

While women make up just over half the worldwide population, a recent studydetermined that they account for only 37% of measured global GDP. But make no mistake, today’s women are working–just not as consistently as men in the type of work that factors into GDP. In addition to formal jobs, women do 60% of the unpaid work, such as child and elderly care, shopping, and household tasks that allow society to run smoothly. In the U.S., if household production were properly accounted for in national income accounts, this work alone would amount to 26% of GDP.

女性占據(jù)著超過一半的世界人口數(shù)量，一項(xiàng)近期研究顯示，他們在全球GDP測評(píng)值中只占有37%的份額。但是不容忽略的是，如今女性都在工作——只是不像男人那樣從事著持續(xù)性的工作，因而可以算入對GDP的考量。除了正是工作之外，女性還承擔(dān)著60%無薪資的工作，比如養(yǎng)育孩子，照顧老人，采購，處理家務(wù)，保證著社會(huì)的正常運(yùn)行。在美國，假設(shè)家庭事務(wù)的處理被合理的計(jì)算入國民收入核算，僅這一工作就可以換算成26%的GDP。

The Citi GPS report tells the story of women as a powerful, often untapped driver of economic growth. The research has far-reaching potential to raise awareness of the issues and ultimately shift public policy. The numbers are, in fact, staggering: Countries in the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) could see as much as a 20% leap in GDP if female involvement in the economy was raised to that of men.

Citi GPS 報(bào)告告訴人們，女性已經(jīng)成為強(qiáng)大，并且往往被忽略的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長引擎。這項(xiàng)研究具有深遠(yuǎn)的意義，能夠喚起人們對相關(guān)問題的總是，并且最終促成政府政策的改善。事實(shí)上，這是一個(gè)驚人的數(shù)字：經(jīng)濟(jì)合作與發(fā)展組織提供的數(shù)據(jù)表明，如果女性對國民經(jīng)濟(jì)的參與度提升至與男性相同的水平，GDP可實(shí)現(xiàn)高達(dá)20%的跳躍式增長。

You read that right: 20%.

你沒看錯(cuò)，是20%。

To put that number into context, today’s estimates set the total potential growth for OECD countries at about 1.5 percent per year from 2024-18. According to Ebrahim Rahbari, and one of the report’s lead authors, the potential for growth through women’s economic empowerment far outweighs other options to boost growth such as monetary or fiscal stimulus packages.

放在具體的經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境下來說，據(jù)當(dāng)前數(shù)據(jù)預(yù)測，女性促使的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長總產(chǎn)值相當(dāng)于經(jīng)濟(jì)合作與發(fā)展組織成員國從2024-2024年年均1.5的國民總產(chǎn)值。這份報(bào)告的主要撰稿人之一，Ebrahim Rahbari稱，女性拉動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的潛能遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過了貨幣政策，財(cái)政刺激等促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的調(diào)控方式。

“The 20% number is an ambitious, best-case scenario because it relies on female participation levels, average working hours and average productivity levels matching that of men. More conservative, perhaps more realistic estimates for the near-to-medium term put the potential at 6% if we create the conditions to increase female participation in the economy,” Rahbari says. “But even at 6%, it far surpasses what you would expect as a gain from alternative options to boost growth such as the proposed tax reform in the US, which might boost GDP by around 1-1.5% over a few years. The size of the opportunity is just huge.”

“20%這個(gè)估算值是一種最理想狀態(tài)下，最理想主義的數(shù)字，因?yàn)檫@取決于女性的參與度，平均工作時(shí)長，以及是否能達(dá)到與男性想當(dāng)?shù)钠骄ぷ餍仕?。在更為保守主義，更現(xiàn)實(shí)的估算下，用更為低調(diào)的說法來說，如果我們能創(chuàng)造條件增加女性對國民經(jīng)濟(jì)的參與度，這個(gè)數(shù)字大概為6%?！盧ahbari說?！安贿^就算是6%，這個(gè)數(shù)字也遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過了其他促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的選項(xiàng)所能帶來的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長，比如在美國已被提出的稅制改革預(yù)計(jì)能在未來幾年拉動(dòng)約1%-1.5%的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長。女性拉動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的力量可謂潛力無限。

You read that right: 20%.

你沒看錯(cuò)，是20%。